Collapse Of The Empire

Question 1

What when allies entered Paris in 1814

Answer 1

Senate invited Louis xviii to take throne on condition he accepted a charter of 74 articles

Question 2

What did charter guarantee - constitution (2)

Answer 2

Constitution with 2 chamber assembly w/ elected chamber of deputies
Chamber of peers appointed by king

Question 3

What did charter guarantee (7)

Answer 3

Fair tax
Owners of BN would keep land
Equality before law
Abolition of conscription
Free press
Freedom of worship
Carriers open to talent

Question 4

What and when treaty of Paris (4)

Answer 4

Presented by allies to Louis
30 May 1814
Agree dot withdraw from French soil and allow French to kept stolen artwork
France had to accept borders of 1792

Question 5

What did France loose due to treaty (2)

Answer 5

Belgium, Holland, Italy and Germany
But gained 500,000 in population than what had in 1790

Question 6

Vienne congress how much did it cost, what and when (3)

Answer 6

November 1814
Confirm and work out details of treaty of Paris
Cost Francis I (Austrian emperor) £7million

Question 7

When did Napoleon land in south of France after escaping Elba (2)

Answer 7

1 march with 1000 men
Attracted huge following for workers and peasants as he made his way northward

Question 8

Napoleons growing support (4+)

Answer 8

Rising against bourbons broke out in lyons before he even reached the city on 9 march
By the time news reached vienne = 12,000 supporters
On march 19 the ‘royal’ army outside Paris defected to bonaparte
Louis xviii fled to Ghent

Question 9

Failure of Louis to win support (4+)

Answer 9

Army officers disgruntled = put on half pay
Taxes were high = promises to reduce had not be honoured as French debts high
Hostility in continuing conscription
Unfounded rumours the biens nationaux would be seized + given back to original owners = peasants nervous to lose land

Question 10

When was 100 day period

Answer 10

20 march 1815 to 22 June 1815

Question 11

What did Napoleon promise to regain support in Paris (3)

Answer 11

Peace
Press chnaged view from ‘scoundrel’ to ‘our great and beloved emperor’
Put forward a new constitution with an additional act = attempt to appeal to liberals

Question 12

What new constitution by bonaparte with additional act promise (3)

Answer 12

Free elections
Free press
Constitutional monarchy with a 2 chamber gov

Question 13

Plebiscite for NB constitution (3)

Answer 13

Very low turnout of 22%
1.5million were in favour and nearly 6000 against
10,000 voters gave opinions on Napoleon ice regime - justification their verdicts

Question 14

Napoleons army against 4th coalition (2+)

Answer 14

Raised army of 300,000 with which to oppose British, Dutch + prussians
Forces couldn’t match allies but hoped due to disagreements over framing of peace at vienne they wouldn’t cooperate

Question 15

Napoleons battles against 4th coalition (2+)

Answer 15

16 June = defeated prussians at Ligny p
18 June = allies won over French especially due to prussians arrival of 81,000 troops

Question 16

How did Napoleon avoid civil war (3+)

Answer 16

22 June 1815 = gave in to calls for abdication
Tried to put his son forward as successor = rejected
15 July = gave in to British and exiled to British island of Saint Helena = 5000m away in mid Atlantic Ocean

Question 17

Louis xviii first become king proclamation when + what (2)

Answer 17

26 June 1815
Promised pardon to all but instigators of those who served the emperor in 100 days

Question 18

Terms of new peace of Paris in November 1815 (4+)

Answer 18

French frontiers reduced to those 1790
French to pay an indemnity of 700m francs
France had to return all looted artwork
Franc ewould have army of occupation under duke of wellington for 5 years = they would have to all fro costs of it

Question 19

When + why second peace of Paris (2+)

Answer 19

November 1815
Allies determined to ensure France would never again threaten European peace after Napoleon

Question 20

Aim of allies through vienne settlement

Answer 20

Contain France by creating a series of buffer states around that country

Question 21

Early exmples after Louis took power of royalism (2)

Answer 21

Reinstated white flag of bourbons
Reform household of the guard under new officers drawn from ranks of former nobility

Question 22

Why was 1815 not ancien regime (5+)

Answer 22

Admin sytem of departments
the tax system
BoF
Napoleon if civil code
Careers = open to talent ensured bourgeoisie continued to dominate social and political life

Question 23

Who did Louis rely on as advisors (2)

Answer 23

Moderates = Talleyrand + Fouche
Rather than ultras

Question 24

Who were ultras (2)

Answer 24

More royalist than the king
Came to dominate the new chamber of deputies

Question 25

Who were pays legal (2)

Answer 25

Had most political influences in Louis regime
Large landowners, senior gov officials, merchants and lawyers

Question 26

Specifics of pays legal (4+)

Answer 26

Chamber = over 40 and pay 1000f in tax = only 12000 eligible
Chamber could refuse to pass laws or grant tax
Members = rights to vote = 30 years old, property owners who pay 300f in direct tax
Electorate = 100,000 out of pop of 29 million

Question 27

French economy after 1815 (2++)

Answer 27

French industry prospered and agriculture thrived
Benefited from positive economic reforms of NB era and release from Continental system

Question 28

How did NB promote equality (4)

Answer 28

Religious toleration
Avoided granting special legal privileges
Ensured written constitutions and civil code Est.
Enlightened reforms = serfdom abolished

Question 29

How was NB authoritarian (4++)

Answer 29

Plebiscites were rigged
Senatus consultum = ignore elected law making bodies
Subjects not citizens
Powerful prefects, secret police, censorship and properganda

Question 30

Evidence NB cared more for personal gain not revolutionary aims (2)

Answer 30

Conquests in Europe
String of titles given to various members of own family