Arthropods Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
arthropods tr
A
členovci
2
Q
arthropods basic info
A
- the most common animals on earth
- more than 80% are insects
- habitat - water, terrestrial, aerial, parasitic
3
Q
the largest arthropod
A
Japanese spider crab
- 3,5 m long
4
Q
Anthropods main features
A
- exoskeleton
- cuticle(moulting)
- a lot of segments or 3 parts
5
Q
Ecdysis
A
Cuticle made of chitin is shed and new one is produced
6
Q
Anthropods segmentation
A
- Head
- joined mouthparts for ingestion of food - mandibles, maxillae, labrum, labium + well developed sense organs = eyes, antennae
2.Thorax
- jointed legs/limbs for feeding and locomotion - Abdomen
7
Q
Arthropods nervous system
A
Ladder-like
- 2 large ganglia, eyes, sensitive cilia
8
Q
Arthropods circulatory system
A
Open
Main function: transport nutrients, remove wastes
9
Q
Arthropods digestive system
A
Mouth cavity with joined mouthparts (adapted to biting, chewing sucking, releasing enzymes); gut digestive glands with enzymes
10
Q
Arthropods respiratory structures
A
1) gills
2) tracheal tubes
3) book lungs
11
Q
Arthropods senses
A
1) vision - compound eyes
2) hearing - tympanum
3) olfaction - chemical communication - pheromones
12
Q
Cephalothorax
A
- spiders
- chest is connected with thorax
13
Q
Arthropods blood
A
Hemolymph instead of blood - contains copper - green color
14
Q
Mandibles tr
A
Kusadla
15
Q
Maxillae
A
Čelisti
16
Q
Labrum tr
A
Horní pysk
17
Q
Labium tr
A
Dolní pysk
18
Q
Compound eyes tr
A
Složené oči
19
Q
Facets tr
A
Čočky
20
Q
Arthropods benefits
A
- food chain
- pollination
- human food
- scavengers and decomposers
- aesthetic
- silk
21
Q
Silkworm tr
A
Bourec morušový
22
Q
Burying beetle tr
A
Hrobař
23
Q
Líce tr
A
Vši
24
Q
Arthropods harms
A
- harming people and their pets - tickets, mites, lice, fleas
- painful bites or stings
- vectors of disease - malaria, trypanosoma
- Destroy wooden structures - termites, woodworms
25
Arthropods subphyla
1) Uniramia
2) Chelicerata
3) Crustacea
4) Trilobita
26
tympanum tr
ušní bibínek
27
Triolobbites basic info
- are extinct
- common during paleozoic
- marine
- moulting
- bilateral symmetry
28
Triolobites body structure
segmented:
- head, thorax, pygidium
3 lobes:
- pleural, central, pleural
29
ecdysis description
1. The facial sutures split, opening the cephalon(head)
2. This provides an exit for the moulting trilobite from its old exoskeleton
30
Chelicerata tr
klepítkatci
31
Chelicerata basic info
- dont have antenna
- cephalothorax - head and thorax are connected by stalk
32
Chelicerata legs
1st pair - mouthpart - chelicarae (poison gland)
2nd pair - pedipalpes - sensing, holding pray
4 pairs of walking legs
33
stalk tr
stopka
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chelicerae tr
klepítka
35
pedipalpes tr
makadla
36
walking legs tr
kráčivé nohy
37
Chelicerata classes
1. Merostomata
2. Arachnids
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Merostomata
- only horseshoe crab left
- head and abdomen are covered by shields
- 5 pairs of walking legs
- breathe by gills
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Merostomata
- only horseshoe crab left
- head and abdomen are covered by shields
- 5 pairs of walking legs
- breathe by gills
40
Merostomata tr
hrotnatci
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Horseshoe crab tr
ostrorep
42
arachnids tr
pavoukovci
43
Arachnids
- terrestrial species
- book lungs
44
Arachnids orders
1. Scorpions
2. Pseudoscorpions
3. Opiliones
4. Acarina
5. Araneae
6. Solifugae
45
Order scorpions
- elongated abdomen with a poisonous gland
- chelicerae, pedipalpes, 4 pairs of walking legs
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Order Pseudoscorpions
- short abdomen
- long pedipalpes with poison
- hide under bark, stones
47
Pseudoscorpions tr
Štírci
48
order Opiliones
- long and thin legs
- undistinguishable pedipales
- cephalothorax fuses with abdomen
- autotomy
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autotomy meaning
intentionally getting rid of a leg and regrowring it
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opiliones example
daddy longlegs
51
opiliones tr
sekáči
52
order Acarina
- mites
- short head
- thorax fused with abdomen
- mainly parasitic
53
mites tr
roztoči
54
acarina examples
- tick - carries viruses (encephalitis) and bacteria (lime disease)
- sarcoptes scabiei - zákožka svrabová - causes infection transmitted by intimate contact, sheets - intensive itching
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order araneae
- 8 simple eyes
- extracellular digestion
- spinnerets - gland producing webs
- reproductive behavior - engagement dances
- sex dimorphism
- active predators
56
extracellular digestion
- mimotělní trávení
- drinking all the juices from the pray
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spinnerets tr
snovací žlázy
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water spider tr
vodouch stříbrný
59
araneae tr
pavouci
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araneae examples
- tarantula
- wolf spider - slíďák
- garden spider - křižák
- wasp spider - křižák nadherný
61
the biggest spider in central europe
Moravian ladybird spider - stepník moravský
62
the most dangerous czech spider
yellow sac spider - zápřednice jedovatá
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order Solifugae
= camel spiders
- deserts, semideserts
- aggressive hunters
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Crustacea
- mainly aquatic
- motile, some are parasitic
65
Crustacea tr
korýši
66
Crustacea body structure
- chitinous exoskeleton - carapace
- cephalothorax + abdomen
- two pairs of antennae
- 1st pair of legs - chelipeds with claws
- last pair - swimmerets (reproduction, swimming)
- pair of compound eyes, 3 pairs of mouthparts
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crustacea respiration
gills or entire body surface respiration
68
crustacea reproduction
separate sexes with indirect development
69
carapace tr
krunýř
70
Crustacea classes
- Phyllopoda
- Copepoda
- Branchiura
- Malacostraca
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Phyllopoda tr
Lupenonožci
72
Copepoda tr
Buchanky
73
Branchiura tr
Kapřivci
74
Malacostraca tr
Rakovci
75
Phyllopoda orders
- Anostraca
- Notostraca
- Cladocera
76
Anostraca example
žábronožka letní
- no carapace
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Notostraca example
listonoh jarní, letní
- carapace
78
Cladocera example
Daphnia
- hrotnatka obecná
- used for feeding fish
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Cladocera tr
perloočky
80
Copepoda info
zooplanktonic
81
Branchiura example
kapřivec kapří
- ectoparasite = eat skin and blood
82
Malacostraca orders
- Amphipoda
- Isopoda
- Decapoda
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Amphipoda tr
Různonožci
84
Isopoda tr
Stejnonožci
85
Decapoda tr
Desetinožci
86
Amphipoda examples
Blešivec potoční
- no carapace, aquatic
87
Isopoda examples
- Slater = stínka obecná
- Woodlouse = svinka obecná
- no carapace
- aquatic, terrestrial
- some parasitic
88
Decapoda examples
- robust carapace
- crayfish, lobster, shrimp, crab
89
Tracheata(Uniramia) classes
1. Chilipoda - centipedes
2. Diplopoda - millipedes
3. Collembola - springtails
4. Insecta
90
Uniramia two types of bodies
1. Many segments, each bears pairs of legs
- centipedes, millipedes
2. A head, thorax, abdomen, three pairs of legs
- springtails
- insecta
91
Uniramia basic info
- one pair of antennae, mandibles, maxillae
- gas exchange through tracheae
- no digestive glands
- excretion by malphigian tube
92
mandibles tr
kusadla
93
maxillae tr
čelist
94
tracheae
network of tubes carrying air to smaller ones
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malphigian tubes
large numbers of small tubes that float in blood
96
Centipedes
- fast, venomous, predators
- flattened body, long antennae
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venomous meaning
can produce toxic substance
98
millipedes
- between 80-400 legs
- herbivores
99
springtails
- 3 pair of legs, adapted for jumping
100
centipedes tr
stonožky
101
millipedes tr
mnohonožky
102
springtails tr
fleas
103
Insecta
- flexible endoskeleton covered by a waxy layer
- muscles, jointed limbs, wings, tracheal system
- great number of offspring
- well-developed sense organs, instinctive behavior
104
Insects sense organs
- compound or simple eyes
- sensitive cilia
- Johnston`s organ - detection sound waves
- tympanal organs
- other for ultrasound, magnetic field, humidity of air
105
Behavior of insects
1. Sound communication
2. Optical communication
3. Chemical communication
106
Sound communication
- buzzing - vibration of their wings
- chirping - stridulation - rubbing a leg against a wig, antenna
107
Optical communication
- dances of honeybees when they find food
- phosphorescence in fireflies
- mimicry - protective coloring
108
Chemical communication
- detecting and producing odors
- pheromones
- when in danger, can secrete a substance to warn others
109
Negative impact of insects
- transmit diseases
- damage structures
- destroy plants
110
Positive impact of insects
- pollination
- produce honey, wax, silk
- treat wounds(maggot therapy)
111
Insects classification
1. According to wings
- Pterygota
- Apterygota
2. According to development
- incomplete
- complete
112
Pterygota
presence of wings
113
Apterygota
absence of wings
114
incomplete development
nymphs are similar in form to the adults
115
complete development
caterpillar becomes a pupa, then an adult
116
insects reproduction
gonochoric, sometimes parthenogenesis
117
May fly
Jepice
118
Earwig
Skvoři
119
Dragonfly
Vážky
120
Cockroach
Švábi
121
Termite
Všekazi
122
Praying mantis
Kudlanky
123
Locust
Sarančata
124
Grasshopper
Kobylky
125
Lice
Vši
126
Bug
Ploštice
127
Plant louce
Mšice
128
Diptera
Dvoukřídlí
129
Brachycera
Krátkorozí
