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Vegetative plant organs Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Vegetative plant organs

A

Root, stem, leaves

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2
Q

Root function

A
  • ancor plants
  • absorb water and nutrient materials from the soil
  • conduct water and nutrient materials to the rest of the plant
  • store nutrient materials
  • serve as important food resources for animals
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3
Q

anchor

A

zakotvit

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4
Q

root anatomy

A

root hairs, epidermis, cortex, pericycle, xylem, phloem

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5
Q

root anatomy parts

A

region of maturation, region of elongation, apical meristem, root cap

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6
Q

root hairs translation

A

kořenové vlášení

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7
Q

epidermis translation

A

pokožka

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8
Q

phloem translation

A

lýko

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9
Q

xylem translation

A

dřevo

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10
Q

vascular tissue translation

A

vodivé pletivo

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11
Q

root cap translation

A

kořenová čepička

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12
Q

vascular tissue

A

phloem + xylem

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13
Q

xylem function

A

carries minerals and water up

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14
Q

phloem function

A

carries sugars down

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15
Q

apical meristem

A

growth + division

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16
Q

region of elongation

A

growth, no division

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17
Q

region of maturation

A

no growth, no division

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18
Q

Types of roots

A

taproot, fibrous roots, adventitious roots, aerial roots

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19
Q

taproot

A

= one big root that can store food
= bulva
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. carrot, beetroot

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20
Q

fibrous roots

A

= svazčité kořeny
=numerous small roots
- grow near surface
- function: absorption, anchoring
- e.g. grasses

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21
Q

adventitious roots

A

= roots from stem
= adventativní kořeny
- grow down to soil from stem, above ground
- function: support, absorption
-e.g. Banyan tree

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22
Q

Aerial roots

A

= vzdušné kořeny
- grow without soil, in air
- function: absorb water from moist air
- e.g. orchids, banyan, vines

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23
Q

Types of stem

A

herbaceous and woody

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24
Q

herbaceous stem

A

lack tough structural(=woody) parts

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25
woody stem
structural components made of lignified cellulosis cell
26
stem function
- anchor leaves to the roots - structural support - internal transport - production of new plant tissues
27
anchor leaves to the roots=
connecting photosynthetic tissues to mineral sources
28
absorption translation
vstřebávání, pohlcení
29
stem structural support=
- plants are upright - plants harvest light - plant reproductive structures exposed for pollination
30
pollination translation
opylování
31
stem internal transport=
- water and minerals from roots(xylem) - sugar from photosynthesis to roots(phloem)
32
stem structures
Node, internode
33
node translation
úzlina
34
node
=place where leaves are attached - lateral bud with an apical meristem capable of developing into a new shoot
35
lateral bud translation
postranní pupen
36
internode
part of stem between nodes
37
stem internal anatomy types
monocot, dicot
38
monocot translation
jednoděložné
39
dicot translation
dvouděložné
40
stem growth
1. growth in length 2. growth in circumference(width)
41
stem growth in length
only at tips of stems where new primary growth occurs via apical meristems
42
stem growth in circumference
via lateral meristems - only dicots(trees)
43
Woody stems parts
Heartwood, sapwood, bark
44
heartwood translation
jádro
45
bark translation
běl
46
sapwood translation
Běl
47
Sapwood
- lighter in colour - nearer to outside of tree trunk - function: transport (live xylem)
47
Heartwood
- dark colour - center of tree trunk - dead xylem, no longer transports water - function: support
48
Bark
- made of cork, cork cambium and phloem
49
Stem modifications
bulbs, rhizomes, runners, tubers, tendrils, cladophylls
50
bulbs
= cibule - function: storage, asexual reproduction - e.g. onion, garlic, tulip, narcis
51
rhizomes
= oddenek - function: storage -e.g. iris, ginger
52
runners
= šlahoun - function: reproduction - e.g. strawberries
53
tubers
= hlíza - function: storage(starch), reproduction - e.g. potato
54
tendrils
= úponky - function: reproduction - e.g. grape
55
cladophylls
= kaktus - function: storage of water - e.g. cactus, prickly pear
56
leaves function
- light harvesting - location of photosynthesis - photon collection and carbon fixation - increases surface area - water transport through the plant - prevent unnecessary water loss
57
structure of a leaf
- very specific, can be used for identification - blade, veins, petiole, axil, stipules
58
blade
= čepel - broad, flat, collects light
59
veins
= žily - vascular tissue
60
venation
= net of veins = žilnatina
61
petiole
= řapík - optional - attaches blade to stem
62
axil
- interaction of petiole and stem - sometimes has axillary bud
63
stipules
= zálistky - optional -outgrowths at base
64
bud translation
pupen
65
leaf anatomy
cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, bundle sheath, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, guard cells, stoma, gas space
66
bundle translation
svazek
67
sheath translation
pochva
68
stoma translation
průduch
69
evaporation translation
vypařování
70
lens translation
čočinky
71
windows translation
otvory
72
guard cells translation
podpůrné buňky
73
cuticle
reduces evaporation
74
upper epidermis
lens, windows
75
palisade mesophyll
photosynthesis
76
bundle sheath
load phloem
77
xylem
conduct minerals up from soil
78
phloem
conduct sugar away from the leaf
79
spongy mesophyll
evaporate cooling
80
lower epidermis
reduce evaporation
81
guard cells
regulate gas exchange
82
stoma
opening
83
stoma anatomy
thickened inner wall, stoma, chloroplast, nucleus, epidermis, guard cell
84
types of leaves
1.simple(jednoduché) 2.compound (složité) - even compound (sudozpeřené) - odd compound (lichozpeřené)
85
position of leaves
opposite, in a whorl, alternate, basal rosette
86
opposite
vstřícné
87
alternate
střídavé
88
in a whorl
přeslen
89
basal rosette
přízemní listová růžice
90
leaf shape
lance-shaped, egg-shaped, triangular, long-pointed, heart-shaped
91
lance-shaped
kopinatý
92
egg-shaped
vejčitý
93
triangular
trojúhelníkový
94
long-pointed
podlouhlý
95
heart-shaped
srdčitý
96
margins
okraje
97
leaf margins
toothed, toothless, lobed
98
toothed
pilovitý
99
toothless
celokrajný
100
lobed
Poločnatý
101
carnivorous plants
- digest insects to get nutrition - have different traps to attract and catch insects - have special liquid - need rain water - digestive enzymes - e.g. mucholapka
102
modified leaves
tendrils, cacti, succulents, poinsettia, with trichomes
103
tendrils
= úponek - catches on something to grow up
104
cacti
= spines - protection, able to collect water in the stem
105
succulents
- storage of water
106
poinsettia
red colour to attract, colourful
107
with trichomes
- protection(from herbivores, sun) - glandular (carnivorous plants)
108

Biology (15 decks)

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