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Kingdom Animalia Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

zoology

A

biological discipline which studies animals

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2
Q

Carl von Lineé

A

father of taxonomy (binomial nomenclature)

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3
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

dvojslové pojmenování

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4
Q

difference between plant and animal cell

A

plant cell - cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
animal cell - lysosome

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5
Q

animals characteristics

A
  • heterotrophic
  • usually multicellular
  • eukaryotic
  • 95% invertebrates, 5% vertebrates
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6
Q

unicellular animals

A

protozoa

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7
Q

protozoa

A

prvocí

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8
Q

types of body symetry

A
  • asymmetrical
  • radial
  • bilaterial
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9
Q

types of body cavities

A

1) acoelomates
2) pseudocoelomates
3) coelomates

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10
Q

coelo

A

dutina tělní

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11
Q

acoelomates tr

A

bez pravé tělní dutiny

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12
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

s falešní tělní dutinou

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13
Q

coelomates

A

s právou tělní dutinou

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14
Q

acoelomates example

A

flatworms

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15
Q

flatworms tr

A

Pláštěnci

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16
Q

acoelomates characteristics

A
  • have no body cavity
  • nutrients and waste diffuse from one cell to another, no circulatory system
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17
Q

pseudocoelomates example

A

roundworms

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18
Q

roundworms tr

A

Hlísti

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19
Q

pseudocoelomates ch.

A
  • fluid-filled body cavity that develops between mesoderm and endoderm
  • separates mesoderm and ectoderm - limits tissues and organs development
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20
Q

germ layers

A
  • endoderm (inside)
  • ectoderm (outside)
  • mesoderm(in-between)
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21
Q

germ layers tr

A

Zárodečné vrstvy

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22
Q

coelomates сh

A
  • coelom is formed from mesoderm
  • important for the development of efficient organs and organ systems
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23
Q

feeding types

A
  • herbivore
  • carnivore
  • omnivore
  • insectivore - frog, lizard
  • detritivore (rotten wood) - wood worm
  • filter feeders - whale, whale shark
  • parasite(hemi/holo) - tick, mosquito, flea, tepeworm, fluke
  • decomposer - meatfly
  • predator
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24
Q

tapeworm tr

A

tasemnice

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25
respiration
intake of oxygen, releasing of carbon dioxide
26
respiration organs
lungs, gills, diffusion, tracheae
27
gills tr
žábry
28
gills types
- internal - fish, lobster - external - axolotl
29
tracheae tr
vzdušnice
30
circulation through
- diffusion - circulatory system
31
circulatory system
- heart - blood vessels
32
heart parts
- atrium - ventricle
33
atrium tr
síň
34
ventricle tr
komora
35
types of blood vessels
- veins - arthery - capillaries
36
veins tr
žíly
37
arteries tr
tepny
38
capillaries tr
vlásečnice
39
excretion
elimination of waste
40
primary waste product
ammonia
41
ammonia tr
čpavek
42
excretion of liquid wastes
- diffusion (ammonia) - nephridia (urea) - Malpighian tubules (uric acid) - kidney (urea)
43
nephron
= základní stavební jednotka ledvin
44
response to stimuli
- receptor cells - sound, light, external stimuli - nerve cells - nervous system
45
parts of nervous system
- central - peripheral
46
central NS
brain, spine
47
peripheral NS
nerves, ganglia
48
types of nervous sustems
- diffusive NS - ladder-like NS
49
diffusive NS e.g.
jellyfish
50
ladder-like NS e.g.
humans
51
diffusive NS tr
rozptylená nervová soustava
52
ladder-like tr
Žebříčkovitá
53
types of movement
- motile (e.g corals) - sessile
54
motile tr
pohyblivý
55
sessile tr
přisedlý
56
movement organs
- muscles - skeleton
57
types of skeletons
- endoskeleton - exoskeleton - hydroskeleton (earthworms)
58
types of reproduction
- sexual - genetic diversity - asexual - increase their numbers quickly
59
asexual reproduction
- fragmentation - budding - parthenogenesis
60
zygote life cycle
fertilization -> morula -> blastula -> forming germ layers -> neurolation -> organogenesis
61
fertilization
sperm and egg unite into a zygote
62
cleavage
rapid cell division, creating a ball morula
63
blastula
forming a hollow ball called blastula
64
gastrulation
forming primary layers
65
neurulation
development of the nervous system
66
organogenesis
formation of organs and tissues from the three primary layers
67
ectoderm develops into
brain, skin, nails
68
mesoderm develops into
skeleton, muscles, blood vessels
69
endoderm develops into
digestive system, organs, respiratory tract
70
protists ch
- damp or aquatic environments - motile - small in size
71
protists grouped into
1. Flagellates - long flagella 2. Amoeboids - pseudopodia 3. Ciliates - short cilia 4. Sporozoa - from spores
72
flagellates tr
bičíkovci
73
amoeboids tr
měňavky
74
ciliates tr
nálevníci
75
sporozoa tr
výtrusovci
76
Flagellates
- long flagella to move - multiply by binary fission - some are parasites
77
flagellates infections
- trichomonas vaginalis - trypanosoma
78
Trichomonas vaginalis
causes infections in female vagina
79
trypanosoma
causes sleeping sickness - transmitted by tsetse fly - fever, headache, fatigue, coma, death
80
euglena structure
flagellum, stigma(eyespot), reservoir, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, contractive vacuole, pelicle
81
Amoeboids
- flowing cytoplasm, with the production of pseudopodia
82
amoeboids infections
entamoeba histolytica - měňavka úplavičná - affects humans and primates
83
amoeba structure
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, pseudopodia, food vacuole and contractive vacuole
84
Ciliates
- short numerous cilia for movement - two nuclei - aquatic environment - symbiosis with green algae
85
ciliates examples
Stentor - mrskavka Vorticella - vířenka Paramecium - trepka
86
ciliates structure
cilia(movement, feeding), macronucleus, micronucleus (reproduction), contractive vacuole(collecting water and nutrition), anal pore(cytoproct), mouth pore (cytostome), cytopharynx
87
Sporozoans
- sessile - intracellular parasites - apical complex for host penetration
88
sporozoans parasite
Plasmodium - malaria parasite - transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos - multiply in red blood cells - causing anemia, fever, nausea, death Coccidia - causes intestinal disease
89
Plasmodium life cycle
mosquito -> liver-> liver cell-> red blood cells-> gametes -> fertilization -> zygote-> sporozoites-> mosquito
90
Rotifera tr
vířníci
91
Rotifera structure
- body divided into head, trunk and foot - head bears the corona - trunk has a cuticle for defence - foot often bears 1-4 toes for attachment
92
Rotifera
- freshwater and marine - parasitic - sessile, colonial - parthenogenesis
93
Porifera
- marine , shallow ocean - about 5000 species (tube, barrel, rope) - attached to the bottom of the ocean - sessile - budding, fragmentation - hermaphrodite - water used for circulation, no circulatory system - no body symmetry

Biology (15 decks)

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