Kingdom Plantae Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
key features of plants
A
- eukaryotes
- multicellular
- carry out photosynthesis
- alternating haploid and diploid generations
- sexual and asexual reproduction
- plant bodies resist gravity and drying
- plant embryos are protected and may spread without water
2
Q
plant classification
A
land plants - nonvascular/vascular - spore/seed bearing - gymnosperms/angiosperms - monocots/dicots
3
Q
land plants are divided into
A
vascular and nonvascular plants
4
Q
nonvascular plants examples
A
mosses
5
Q
vascular plants are divided into
A
spore bearing plants and seed bearing plants
6
Q
spore bearing plants example
A
ferns
7
Q
seed bearing plants are divided into
A
gymnosperms and angiosperms
8
Q
gymnosperms example
A
conifers, ginkgos
9
Q
angiosperms are
A
flowering plants
10
Q
angiosperms are divided into
A
monocots and dicots
11
Q
monocots characteristics
A
parallel veins, flowers in multiples of 3
12
Q
monocots examples
A
grasses, tulips
13
Q
dicots characteristics
A
netlike veins, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
14
Q
dicots examples
A
most trees, shrubs
15
Q
nonvascular plants translation
A
bezcévné (nižší) rostliny
16
Q
vascular plants translation
A
cévnaté rostliny
17
Q
moss translation
A
mech
18
Q
spore bearing translation
A
výtrusné
19
Q
seed bearing translation
A
semenné
20
Q
gymnosperms translation
A
nahosemenné
21
Q
angiosperms translation
A
krytosemenné
22
Q
monocots translation
A
jednoděložné
23
Q
dicots translation
A
dvouděložné
24
Q
ferns translation
A
kapradina
25
shrubs translation
keř
26
conifers translation
jehličnan
27
ginkos translation
jinan
28
plants reproduction
- alternating generations
- diploid (2n, sporophyte - creates spores or seeds)
- haploid (n, gametophyte - produces gametes)
29
adaptation of vascular plants
vessels, lignin
30
vessels
transport water and minerals upwards from the roots and products of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant
31
lignin
a rigid polymer that allows plants to grow tall and strong
32
vessels translation
céva
33
importance of plants
food, medicine, industrial products, air quality, water quality, erosion control, local climate, aesthetics
34
importance of plants food
fruits, vegetables
35
importance of plants medicine
aloe, cannabis, lavender
36
importance of plants industrial products
cotton, hemp
37
importance of plants air quality
bamboo, trees
38
importance of plants water quality
iris, lilies, seaweed
39
importance of plants erosion control
roots of plants
40
importance of plants local climate
oak, maple, pine
41
importance of plants aesthetics
flowers
42
invasive species to CR
- giant hogweed
- Japanese knotweed
43
giant hogweed
- bolševník velkolepý
- perennial, 4m high, toxic
44
perennial
trvalý
45
Japanese knotweed
- křídlatka japonská
- perennial
46
Bryophyta, mosses
- lack true roots, stems and leaves
- have root-like structures called rhizoids
- no vascular tissues - rely on conducting tissues
- low growing
- no lignin
47
rhizoids
- root-like structures in mosses
- anchor the plants and bring the water and nutrients in
48
conduction
vedení
49
bryophyte structure
capsule, seta, stem and leaves, rhizoids
50
capsule translation
tobolka
51
seta translation
štět
52
bryophyte life cycle
- spore produces protonema
- gametophyte with sex organs on the tip of stems (female - archegonia, male - antheridia)
- fertilization
- sporophyte with spore
53
bryophyte classification
- 1st class - liverworts
- 2nd class - mosses
54
protonema translation
prvoklíček
55
liverwort translation
játrovka
55
Mosses
- grow close together in damp or shady locations
56
mosses function
- pioneer plants
- reduction of erosion
- absorption of water
- bioindicators of pollution and environmental degradations
57
pioneer plants
first to colonize land
58
Liverworts
- widely distributed, occurring from the arctic to the tropics
-dominant generation - gametophyte
- 2 types
59
liverworts types
- thallose liverwort - branching, ribbonlike gametophytes
- leafy liverworts
60
Pteridophyte (spore bearing plants)
- seedless vascular plants
- 3 classes
61
pteridophyte classes
- Lycopodiopsida (lycopods)
- Equisetopsida (horsetails)
- Polypodiopsida (ferns)
62
Lycopodiopsida translation
plavuně
63
Equisetopsida translation
přesličky
64
Polypodiopsida translation
kapradiny
65
Pteridophyte main features
- typical high plant body structure
- xylem and phloem
- wavy cuticle
- do not form flowers or seeds
- dominant generation - sporophyte
66
pteridophyte first class
Lycopodiopsida
67
Lycopodiopsida
- lycopods
- smaller, their leaves are similar to mosses
- 2 types
68
Lycopods types
- Lycopodium
- Selaginella
69
Lycopodium
= club mosses
= plavuň
- approximately 200 species
- commonly covering the forest floor
70
Selaginella
= vraneček
- about 700 species
71
Pteridophyta 2nd class
Equisetopsida = horsetails
- besides ponds, marshy places, woods
- small leaves growing in whorls
- hollow stem
72
whorl
přeslen
73
hollow
dutý
74
horsetails
only 15 species remain and most are less than 1 meter tall
75
pteridophyte 3rd class
Polypodiopsida = ferns
76
Polypodiopsida
= ferns
- habitat: moorland, woodland, swamps, walls
- leaves are called fronds
- most diverse of seedless vascular plants
- still live in tropic and temperate zones
77
fiddlehead
young curved leaf of a fern
78
ferns examples
asplenium, dryopteris, bird's nest fern, tree fern, common polypody
79
asplenium
sleziník
80
dryopteris
kapraď samec
81
bird's nest fern
sleziník hnězdovitý
82
tree fern
stromová kapradina
83
common polypody
osladič obecný
84
Spermatophytes (seed bearing plants)
- most developed higher plants
- sporophyte - dominant generation
- independent of water in fertilization
- form seeds and pollen
85
pollen
tiny structures that carry sperm producing cells, dispersed by wind or animal pollinators
86
seeds
consists of:
1. the early plant
2. supply of food
3. protective coat
function: keeps the embryo in the state of dormancy, supplies energy
87
Classification of spermatophytes
- Gymnosperms (lack flowers)
1. Cycagopsida - the cycads
2. Ginkopsida
3. Pinopsida - the conifers
- Angiosperms (= magnoliophyta)
4. Magnoliopsida - flowering plants
88
cycads translation
cykasy
89
ginkgos translation
jinany
90
conifers translation
jehličnany
91
Gymnosperms
- evolved before the flowering plants
- conifers, ginkgos, cycads
92
Cycadopsida
- ancient group of seed plants
- most survive in tropical or subtropical environment
- similar to ferns
- is grown as a houseplant
93
Ginkopsida
- represented by a single species: gingko biloba
- long living tree
- fan-shaped leaves
- urban and shade trees
- medical uses
94
Pinopsida
= conifers
- woody plants
- needle-like leaves
- paper, resin, timber
- mostly evergreen
95
deciduous
leaves are falling
96
conifers adaptation to dry, cold conditions
- retaining green leaves throughout the year allows them to grow while others are dormant
- needles covered with thick cuticle - minimizes evaporation
- produce an antifreeze in sap (piney smell)
97
conifers life cycle
male cone releases pollen - wind carries to the female cone - fertilization - embryo - development of a seed - mature seed drops out of the cone - germination - mature plant - production of cones
98
conifers examples
fir, pine, larch, spruce, cypress, yew-tree
99
fir
= jedle
100
pine
= borovice
- leaves grow all around in groups
101
larch
= modřín
102
spruce
= smrk
-leaves grow separately
103
cypress
= cypřiš
104
yew- tree
= tis
- poisonous
