Reproductive Organs Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
All flower parts are
A
Modified leaves
2
Q
Flower function
A
Development and exchange of sperm(pollen) and eggs(ova)
3
Q
Types of flowers (sex)
A
- Perfect bisexual hermaphrodite
- Imperfect unisexual (male or female)
4
Q
Types of flowers ()
A
- monoecious (on 1 plant)
- dioecious (on 2 plants)
5
Q
Bisexual
A
Dvoupohlavní
6
Q
Unisexual
A
Jednopohlavní
7
Q
Stamen
A
Tyčinka
8
Q
Pestil
A
Pestík
9
Q
Monoecious
A
Jednodomá rostlina
10
Q
Dioecious
A
Dvoudomá rostlina
11
Q
types of flowers symetry
A
- zygomorphic - 1 axe
- actinomorphic - more axis
12
Q
parts of a flower
A
sepals and petals or perianth
13
Q
sepals
A
green, surrounds and protect the unopened flower bud = calyx
14
Q
petals
A
attract pollinators, may be brightly colored, usually large, scented, nectaries at the base = corolla
15
Q
nectaries
A
produce sugary nectar which attracts insects
16
Q
perianth
A
only petals, no sepals - nothing green
17
Q
calyx
A
kalich
18
Q
sepals tr
A
lístky kališní
19
Q
corolla
A
koruna
20
Q
petals
A
lístky korunní
21
Q
stamen
A
- the main parts of the flower
- consisting of the anther held up on the filament
- anther - produce male sex cells (pollen grains)
22
Q
anther
A
prašník
23
Q
pollen grains
A
pylové zrno
24
Q
filament
A
nitka
25
pistil
- stigma - the top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
- style - bears the stigma
- ovary - produces the female sex cells (ovules)
26
stigma
blizna
27
style
čnělka
28
ovary
semeník
29
types of flowers
- solitary / simple flower
- inflorescences flower
- racemose type
- cymose type
30
raceme
hrozen
31
compound raceme
složený hrozen
32
spike
klas
33
catkin
jehněda
34
spandix
strboul
35
umbel
okolík
36
compound umbel
složený okolík
37
corymb
chocholik
38
head
hlavka
39
capitulum
úbor
40
racemose type
hroznovitá
41
cymose type
okoličnaté
42
seed and fruit
- after fertilization the petals and sepals fall off flower
- ovary ripens into a fruit
- the ovule develops into a seed
43
seed structure
- seed coat (protects embryo, prevents dehydration)
- embryo - 2n
- endosperm (food storage) - 3n
44
fruit types
1. fleshy
- pome (apple)
- drupe (cherry)
- berry (tomato)
2. dry indehiscent
- samara (ash)
- achene (sunflower)
- nut (pecan)
- grain (corn)
- schizocarp (geranium)
3. dry dehiscent
- legume (pea)
- capsule (cotton)
- silicle (shepherds purse)
- silique (mustard)
- follicle (milkweed)
4. compound fruit
- aggregate fruit (blackberry)
- multiple fruit (pineapple)
45
pome
malvice
46
drupe
peckovice
47
berry
bobule
48
samara
dvounažka
49
achene
nažka
50
nut
oříšek
51
grain
obilka
52
schizocarp
tvrdka
53
legume
lusk
54
capsule
tobolka
55
silicle
šešulka
56
silique
šešule
57
follicle
měchýřek
58
aggregate fruit
souplodí - vzniká z květu
59
multiple fruit
plodenství = vzniká z květenství
60
monocotyledon
- grasses, lilies, tulips, palm
- one cotyledon
- veins usually parallel
- vascular bundles usually complexly arranged
- fibrous root system
- floral parts in 3 or multiples of 3
- often perianth
61
dicotyledon
- roses, asters grapes, beans, oak, maple
- two cotyledons
- veins usually netlike
- vascular bundles usually arranged in a ring
- taproot
- floral parts usually in 4 or multiples of 4
- usually calyx + corolla
62
perianth
okvětí
63
plant reproduction =
process by which new individual organisms are produced
64
plant reproduction types
sexual and asexual
65
asexual reproduction
vegetative - process by which new plant individuals are created without production of seeds or spores
66
asexual reprodution special organs and methods
cutting, production of tubers, grafting, rhizome, layering
67
cutting
usually stems, also roots, leaves - to water or soil
68
production of tubers
tubers - potatoes, bulbs - tulips, onions - tulips, runners or stolons - strawberries
69
grafting
= roubování
- fruit trees, some other trees
70
rhizome
modified stem (lil of the valley)
71
layering
= hřízení
- part of an arial stem is encouraged to grow roots while still attached to the parent plant
72
sexual reproduction
pollination, fertilization
73
polliation
wind, insects or other animals transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another. Flowers vary depending on pollination mechanism = vectors
74
pollination vectors
wind, bees, butterflies, birds, moths, flies
75
wind
dull, scentless flowers with reduced petals
76
bees, butterflies
bright colour, nectaries, scent. They sip nectar, get pollen on coats, transfer pllen from flower to flower
77
birds
nectaries, bright colour, tube-like flowers
78
moths
white petals, open at night
79
flies
rank odor, flesh coloured petals
80
fertilization
- after pollen lands on stigma, a pollen tube grows downt through the style to ovary(contains 2 sperm nuclei)
- in ovary, there is one egg or ovule nucleus and two polar nuclei
- double fertiization occurs: one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg and the other two pollar nuclei
81
result of double fertilization
- the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus join to form a 2n embryo = zygote
- the other sperm nucleus and the two polar nuclei join to form a 3n endosperm - food supply for the embryo
82
seed dispersal mechanisms
= allow plants to colonize new areas and avoid shade of parent plant
= wind dispersal, animal dispersal, gravity dispersal, water dispersal
83
wind dispersal
flight mechanisms like parachutes, wings etc. eg. dandelion, mapes, birch
84
animal dispersal
fleshy fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in faces or burres which stick to animals coats. eg. mistletoe
85
gravity dispersal
heavy nuts fall to the ground and roll
86
water dispersal
plants near water create floating fruits. eg. coconuts
87
parts of the embryo
epicol - grows into the leaves of the plant
hypocotol - becomes the stem
radicle - becomes the root
88
monocot
- grow straight up with coleoptile sheath covering shoot
- one embryonic leaf
- seed remains underground
89
dicot
- curved stem comes up out of soil
- seed goes above soil
- two embryonic leaves
