Joints
Where two or more bones come together
Articulations
Move built
Synarthrosis
Immovable
Amphiarthrosis amphi(between)
Slightly movable
Diarthrosis
Freely movable
Bony fusion
Fusion of frontal bone
Fibrous joint
Skull sutures
Cartilaginous joint
Pubic symphysis
Synovial joint
Ball and socket hinge joints
Sutures (joints found in skull) fibrous joint
Bones are interlocked together
Gomphosis (joint between teeth and jaw bones)
Periodontal ligaments of teeth ( TOP all of teeth in maxillae) teeth anchored in socket fibrous joint (actually a ligament) periodontal ligament
Synchondrosis (joint with epiphysis of bone)
Binds with the diaphysis to epiphysis (syn locked together) chondro( cartilage) bone cartilage bone hyline
Synostosis(joint between two fused bones)
Fusion of three coxal bones (syn fused) osteo (bone) illium ishium pubis (il, is, pub)
Amphiarthroses slightly movable
Syndesmosis (ligaments that connect two bones but limit their motion)
Between radius and ulna
Tibula fibula
Length and tightness of ligament allow more or less movement
Symphysis (bones are separated by a wedge or pad of cartilage)
Between the pubic bones of the two coxal bones cartilaginous... bone cart( bone Fibrous cartilage (shock absorber) or vertebral column
Diarthroses (freely movable)
Synovial Joints
-typically at the end of long bones
All the joints in the limbs
Bone (open space with fluid) bone
6 basic characteristics synovial
Joint capsule (
The presence of articular cartilage (dense irregular tissue)
The presence of articular cartilages
A joint cavity with synovial fluid
A synovial membrane
Accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae)
Sensory nerves and blood vessels
Synovial fluid
-lubricates the surfaces of the articular cartilages and reduces friction
-nourishes the chondrocytes by entering and exiting the articular cartilages due to the forces acting on the joint
Acts as shock absorber
Accessory structures synovial joints
Menisci (pads of cartilage inside joint) fibrocartilage
Ligaments (dense regular)bone to bone
Tendons (dense regular)muscle to bone
Bursae around joint to protect structures
Linear movement
Two bones gliding past
Carpal carpal
Tarsal tarsal
Clavical sternum
Angular movement
Abduction/ adduction
Flexion/extension
_______o_________ extension increasing angle
180deg
Rotational movements
Pronation
Supinate
‘
Shoulder and hip
Circumduction
MAKING CIRCLE
CERVICAL vertebrae saying no
Eversion/inversion
In- twist meadially
Only in foot
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
Dorsi- curling towards you
Plantar- bottom
Only inthe foot
