Asthma and COPD

Question 1

What is asthma?

Answer 1

Reversible small airway obstruction

Question 2

Who can asthma affect?

Answer 2

All ages, All genders

Question 3

What are the 2 types of asthma?

Answer 3

Inflammatory
Allergic

Question 4

Can asthma be life threatening?

Answer 4

Yes, significant cause of death in young people

Question 5

What are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer 5

Wheezing
Breathlessness
Cough

Question 6

When someone has asthma what can cause their breathlessness?

Answer 6

Exercise
Cold
Emotion

Question 7

When someone has asthma what can trigger their cough?

Answer 7

Exercise
Cold

Question 8

How would a person with asthma be assessed?

Answer 8

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

Question 9

How does PEFR work?

Answer 9

Plotted by sex, age and height
Classically poorer result in morning should be done later

Question 10

What may cause asthma?

Answer 10

Allergens
Irritants
Excretion
NSAIDS
Emotion

Question 11

What are the signs on asthma getting worse?

Answer 11

Restricted activity
Worsening of symptoms
Frequent use of inhaler (SABA)
Low PEFR score

Question 12

How is moderate acute asthma measured?

Answer 12

PEFR - 50-75%

Question 13

How is acute severe asthma measured?

Answer 13

PEFR 33-50%

Question 14

How is life threatening asthma measured?

Answer 14

PEFR <33%

Question 15

In a medical emergency someone has moderate active asthma. What do you do?

Answer 15

Give salbutamol + reassess

Question 16

Someone has PEFR score of 33-50%.
Their respiratory rate is >25/min.
Their heart rate is >110/min
They cannot complete a sentence

What type of asthma is this and what do you do?

Answer 16

Acute severe asthma

Phone 999
Give salbutamol
Give Oxygen

Question 17

Someone has a PEFR score of <33%
Their sPo2 level is <92%
Their PaO2 score is <8 kPa

What type of asthma is this and what do you do?

Answer 17

Life threatening asthma

Phone 999
Give salbutamol
Give oxygen

Question 18

What is SpO2?

Answer 18

Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter

Question 19

What is PaO2?

Answer 19

Partial arterial pressure of oxygen

Question 20

What is KpA?

Answer 20

Kilopascals

Question 21

what is PaCO2?

Answer 21

Partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide

Question 22

In a medical emergency of asthma in the dental setting what do you do?

Answer 22

ABCDE approach
Salbutamol - 2 - 10 puffs with spacer
Phone 999
High flow oxygen
Repeat salbutamol every 10 minutes

Question 23

Oral side effects of inhaled therapy

Answer 23

Candidiasis
Altered taste
Dry mouth

Question 24

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (COPD)

Answer 24

Airway obstruction that is not reversible and progressive over time

Question 25

What causes COPD

Answer 25

Smoking Air pollution (sometimes)

Question 26

How is COPD diagnosed?

Answer 26

History Exam Spirometer

Question 27

What are the symptoms of COPD?

Answer 27

Breathlessness Wheeze - constant Chronic cough Frequent infections

Question 28

What is SABA?

Answer 28

Short acting beta - agonist

Question 29

What is LABA?

Answer 29

long acting beta - agonist

Question 30

What is LAMA?

Answer 30

long acting muscarinic antagonist

Question 31

What is ICS?

Answer 31

Inhaled corticosteroids

Question 32

Common SABA medicines?

Answer 32

Salbutamol Terbutaline

Question 33

Common LABA medicines?

Answer 33

Formoteral Salmeterol Vilanterol

Question 34

Common LAMA medicines?

Answer 34

Tioteopium Glycopyrronium Aclidinium

Question 35

Common ICS medicines

Answer 35

Beclomethasone Futicasone

Question 36

Some people with COPD will have home oxygen - how does this work?

Answer 36

Via nasal cannulae Can use face mask (very drying to oral tissues) Cylinder canister

Question 37

Medical emergency for COPD?

Answer 37

ABCDE approach Sit the patient up Salbutamol - 2 puffs via spaced Oxygen delivery

Question 38

What should oxygen stats be?

Answer 38

88-92%

Question 39

How is COPD different to asthma?

Answer 39

Symptoms under age 35 Asthma - common COPD - uncommon Night time waking due to cough or wheeze Asthma - common COPD - uncommon