Respiratory Medicine

Question 1

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange, O2 in CO2 out

Question 2

What are the three main disturbances of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Reduced transfer of oxygen
Reduced Ventilation of lungs
Reduced perfusion of lungs

Question 3

What are the main symptoms of a respiratory issue?

Answer 3

Breathlessness
Wheezing
Cough
Sputum Production
Chest Pain

Question 4

What is Pneumonia

Answer 4

Infection of the lung

Question 5

Where can you get pneumonia?

Answer 5

Community
Hospital

Question 6

How many people are admitted to hospital per year in the EU with pneumonia?

Answer 6

1 million

Question 7

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 7

Cough
Chest pain
Fever
Breathlessness
Malaise
Sputum production

Question 8

What organisms cause pneumonia?

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilis Influenza
Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 9

What is the management of pneumonia?

Answer 9

ABCDE approach
CRB 65 score
Antibiotics

Question 10

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 10

Breathing stops and starts during sleep

Question 11

What causes sleep apnoea?

Answer 11

The obstruction of the pharynx

Question 12

What are the effects of sleep apnoea?

Answer 12

Sleep is disturbed
Headaches
Poor memory

Question 13

What are the risk factors to sleep apnoea?

Answer 13

Males > Female
Being overweight/obese
Small airway
Small lower jaw
Large tonsils

Question 14

How to manage sleep apnoea?

Answer 14

Weight management
Continuous positive airway pressure

Question 15

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 15

When the lining of the lung punctures and air escapes into pleural spaces

Question 16

What 2 types of pneumothorax is there?

Answer 16

Spontaneous
Traumatic

Question 17

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

Answer 17

Pleuritic chest pain
Breathlessness
collapse + cardiac arrest (sometimes)

Question 18

What is the management for pneumothorax?

Answer 18

Admission for assessment
Chest drainage to allow lung re inflation

Question 19

What are the 2 types of interstitial lung disease?

Answer 19

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Question 20

What can interstitial lung disease lead to?

Answer 20

Lung scarring
Fibrosis

Question 21

What are the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?

Answer 21

Progressive breathlessness
Cough

Question 22

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 22

An autosomal recessive genetic disease

Question 23

What causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 23

Faulty C1- channel

Question 24

What causes pulmonary embolus?

Answer 24

Thrombus in deep veins of leg migrating as am embolus to the lung

Question 25

In 2011 how many people were administered to hospital with pulmonary embolus?

Answer 25

28,000

Question 26

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolus?

Answer 26

Chest and back pain Difficulty breathing Coughing blood

Question 27

What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?

Answer 27

Anticoagulant

Question 28

What are the dental impacts of a patient with pulmonary embolism?

Answer 28

Breathless and cannot lie flat Anticoagulant - blood thinner Less respiratory reserve therefore care when sedation required