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Respiratory System DO > Asthma Management Adults > Flashcards

Asthma Management Adults Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 main reasons as to why asthma is important

A

Common
Manageable
Dangerous
Expensive

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2
Q

How many people are currently on treatment for asthma

A

5.4 million

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3
Q

Is the incidence higher in children or adults

A

Children

But it is increasing in adults

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4
Q

How many hospital admissions for asthma are avoidable

A

75%

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5
Q

How many people die every year due to asthma

A

1200

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6
Q

How many asthma deaths are preventable

A

90%

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7
Q

How much does it cost the NHS for 60,000 admissions per year

A

£1 Billion

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8
Q

Is an older or younger patient more likely to die from asthma

A

Older

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9
Q

What do the airways of the lung consist of

A

Cartilaginous bronchi
Membranous bronchi
Gas-exchanging bronchi (respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts)

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10
Q

What does the cartilaginous bronchi and membranous bronchi mostly function as

A

Anatomic dead space

Can also contribute to airway resistance

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11
Q

What are the smallest non-gas exchanging airways

A

Terminal bronchioles

Approximately 0.5 mm in diameter

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12
Q

When are airways considered small

A

When they are less than 2mm diameter

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13
Q

What is mucosa composed of

A

Epithelial cells that are capable of specialised mucous production and a transport apparatus

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14
Q

State the 4 cellular elements of asthma

A

Mast cells
Basophils, esoinphils, neutrophils and macrophages
Stretch and irritant receptors
Cholinergic motor nerves

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15
Q

What are mast cells involved in

A

The complex control of releasing histamine and other mediators

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16
Q

What are basophils, esoinphils, neutrophils and macrophages responsible for

A

The extensive mediator release in the early and late stages of bronchial asthma

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17
Q

What do cholinergic motor nerves innervate

A

Smooth muscle and glandular units

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18
Q

What three things does asthma involve

A

Airway inflammation
Airflow obstruction
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma

A 
Shortness of breath
Wheeze
Cough (irritable and dry)
Chest tightness
Diurnal variability - timing
Episodic - reversible
Atopy
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20
Q

What are the signs of asthma

A

Wheeze on auscultation
Eczema/hayfever
Obstructed spirometry
PEF changes

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21
Q

What is an important indication of asthma

Study These Flashcards
A

Response to treatment

22
Q

What is the aim of asthma management

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A

Control of the disease

23
Q

What are the 6 factors that define the complete control of asthma

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A 
No daytime symptoms 
	No night-time awakening due to asthma 
No need for rescue medication 
No asthma attacks 
No limitations on activity including exercise & normal lung function
Minimal side effects from medication
24
Q

What is normal lung function defined as

Study These Flashcards
A

In practical terms FEV1 and/or PEF>80% predicted or best

25
Name 5 types of non-pharmacological management methods
``` Patient education and self-management plans Exercise Smoking cessation Weight management Flu/pneumococcal vaccinations ```
26
Why is non-pharmacological management importnat
It can make a bigger difference that medication
27
What 3 sections are present in the asthma action plan
What they need to do to keep on top of their asthma The indications that their asthma is getting worse When they are having an asthma attack
28
Name the 3 types of pharmacological management methods there are
Inhaled therapy Oral therapy Specialist treatments
29
What do inhalers provide
Small dose of drugs
30
Where do inhalers deliver the drug
Directly to the target organ
31
What are the target organs in the asthma
Airways and lungs
32
What are the benefits of inhalers
Onset of the effect of inhalers is quick They cause minimal systemic exposure Systemic adverse effects are less severe and less frequent
33
What is a pMDI
Metered dose inhaler
34
What is a pMDI
A device that generate aerosols and requires a low inspiratory flow
35
What are the disadvantages of pMDI
Requires co-ordination | Elderly and young children cannot use it effectively
36
What can be attached to pMDI's to increase efficiency
Spacers
37
Give three advantages of using spacers
Low oro-pharyngeal deposition of the aerosol Decrease in the bad taste associated with oral deposition Reduces risk of oral candidiasis and dysphonia with steroids
38
How many tidal breaths is sufficient to deliver 2 puffs of salbutamol with a spacer
10
39
What is DPI
Dry powder inhaler
40
What generates the aerosol with a DPI
Patient
41
What does DPI require
High inspiratory flow | Less coordination
42
What are the 5 steps of asthma treatment
1) Regular preventer (inhaled corticosteriods) 2) Initial add-on therapy (ICS and long acting β-2 agonist) 3) Additional add-on therapies 4) High dose therapies 5) Continuous or frequent use of oral steroids
43
What are Short acting β2 agonists (SABA)
Relivers
44
What two types of relievers are there
Salbutamol (MDI, DPI) | Terbutaline (DPI)
45
Which SABA is used more often
Salbutamol
46
What are the side effects of salbutamol
Tachycardia Increase in lactate Shaking
47
What do SABAs do
Reduce inflammation
48
Give examples of inhaled corticosteriods
``` Beclomethasone Budesonide Fluticasone Ciclesonide Mometasone ```
49
When should ICS be used
When the patient feels well as it keeps them well
50
Give examples of ICS and LABAs
``` Fostair (pMDI & DPI) - Beclomethasone with formoterol Symbicort (DPI) - Budesonide with formoterol Flutiform (pMDI) - Fluticasone propionate with formoterol Seretide (pMDI & DPI) - Fluticasone propionate with salmeterol Relvar Ellipta (DPI) - Fluticasone fumarate with vilanterol ```
51
Which LABA is only used once daily
Relvar

Respiratory System DO (33 decks)

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