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Respiratory System DO > LRTI Children > Flashcards

LRTI Children Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Where do LRTI occur

A

Below the voice box

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2
Q

Name 5 LRTI

A 
Tracheitis
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Empyema
Bronchiolitis
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3
Q

How many hospital admission where there in 2013/14 due to LRTI in 0-14 year olds

A

27,326

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4
Q

How many hospital admission where there in 2010/11 due to LRTI in 0-14 year olds

A

22,008

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5
Q

What type of agents can cause LRTI

A

Bacteria

Viruses

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6
Q

What type of bacterial agents are known to be able to cause LRTI

A 
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
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7
Q

What type of viral agents are known to be able to cause LRTI

A

RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus

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8
Q

What is tracheitis

A

Croup which does not get better

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9
Q

What does tracheitis cause

A

Swollen tracheal wall
Narrowed tracheal lumen
Luminal debris

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10
Q

What will a child with tracheitis present with

A

Fever
Biphasic stridor
Sick child

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11
Q

What is the causative agent of tracheitis

A

Strep

Staph

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12
Q

What can be used to treat tracheitis

A

Augmentin

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13
Q

What is bronchitis

A

A very common endobronchial infection

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14
Q

What does bronchitis cause

A

Loose rattily cough in the URT
Post-tussive vomit (glut)
Chest is free of wheeze/creps

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15
Q

What causes bronchitis

A

Common respiratory commensals Haemophilus/Pneumococcus

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16
Q

How is bronchitis treated

A

It is mostly self-limiting

Child will be very well

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17
Q

What mechanism does bacterial bronchitis use

A

It disturbs the mucociliary clearance

Causes minor airway malacia

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18
Q

What tends to precede bacterial bronchitis

A

URTI

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19
Q

How long does bacterial bronchitis last

A

About 4 weeks

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20
Q

What are the first 3 winters with bacterial bronchitis like

A 
1st = bad
2nd = better
3rd = fine
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21
Q

What is the criteria for a persistent bacterial bronchitis

A

Wet cough
Present for over a month
Remission occurs with antibiotics

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22
Q

What are the 3 steps to be taken with persistent bacterial brochitis

A

Diagnosis should be made
Parents reassured
No treatment given

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23
Q

How many infants does bronchiolitis affect

A

30-40%

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24
Q

What causes bronchiolitis

A

Mainly RSV

Sometimes parainfluenza III or HMPV

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25
Is memory produced against RSV
No | It removes the intracellular membrane
26
How many nuclei does RSV have
More than one
27
What signs and symptoms does bronchiolitis have
Nasal stuffiness Tachypnoea Poor feeding The child may have some crackles or wheeze.
28
What can bronchiolitis be classified as
Wheezy bronchitis Asthmoid bronchitis Viral associated wheeze Asthma
29
At what age is the peak of bronchiolitis seen
Around 3 months
30
State 3 features of bronchiolitis
Disease of under 12 months One of condition Has a typical history
31
How many days does it take to recover from bronchiolitis
7 days
32
How should bronchiolitis be managed
Maximal observation | Minimal intervention
33
What investigations can be done for bronchiolitis
``` Nasopharyngeal aspirate (cohorting) Oxygen saturations (severity) ```
34
What investigations are not required for bronchiolitis
CXR Bloods Bacterial cultures
35
What medication is available for bronchiolitis
None
36
What medication has been proven not to work for bronchiolitis
``` Salbutamol Ipratropium bromide Adrenalin Steroids Antibiotics Nebulised saline ```
37
How long do LRTI present for
48 hours
38
State 5 features of LRTIs
``` Fever (over 38.5˚C) SOB Cough Grunting Reduced or bronchial breath sounds ```
39
How many cases of LRTIs are caused by viruses
35% (higher in younger children)
40
How many cases of LRTIs are caused by a mixed infection
40%
41
What bacterial agents can cause LRTIs
Bacteria Pneumococcus Mycoplasma Chlamydia
42
When should a LRTI be called pneumonia
When: Signs are focal Creps High fever
43
What are the steps to treat pneumonia
Hydration Oxidation Nutrition Antibiotics
44
What is not a routine part of investigations for community acquired pneumonia according to BTS guidelines
CXR | Imflammatory markers
45
How should community acquired pneumonia be managed according to BTS guidelines
Nothing if the symptoms are mild (review if things get worse) Oral amoxycillin first line Oral macrolide 2nd choice IV if vomiting
46
Should IV or oral antibiotics be used when antibiotics are indicated in a non-severe LRTI when the child is not vomiting
Oral
47
Why is oral antibiotics preferred
Shorter stay in hospital Cheaper Child will have fever for a few more hours
48
Give 5 conditions where antibiotics are not indicated
``` Bronchiolitis Croup Acute LRTI Otitis media Pharyngitis/tonsillitis ```
49
How does vaccination benefit pertussis (whooping cough)
Risk is reduced | Severity of illness is reduced
50
State 2 symptoms of pertussis
Coughing fits | Vomiting and colour change
51
What is empyema
Pus in the body cavity | A complication of pneumonia which occurs when the infection extends into the pleural space
52
What does empyema cause
Chest pain | Child will be very unwell
53
What treatment is given for empyema
Antibiotics | May require drainage
54
What is the prognosis of empyema in children
Good in contrast with adults
55
Does tracheitis require antibiotics
Yes
56
What antibiotic does tracheitis require
Augmentin
57
Does bronchitis require antibiotics
No
58
Does LRTI/pneumonia require antibiotics
Usually when there is a fever for over 2 days, cough and focal signs
59
Does bronchiolitis require antibiotics
No
60
Does empyema require antibiotics
Yes
61
What antibiotic does LRTI/pneumonia require
Oral amoxycillin
62
What antibiotic does empyema require
IV antibiotics

Respiratory System DO (33 decks)

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