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Respiratory System DO > Pulmonary Blood Flow Gas Exchange And Transport 2 > Flashcards

Pulmonary Blood Flow Gas Exchange And Transport 2 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

How is O2 transported from the lungs to tissues and why

A

In blood

For use in energy production

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2
Q

What happens to the waste products (CO2) of the energy production process

A

Transported from tissues to lungs in blood for removal

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3
Q

How much O2 is dissolved per litre of plasma

A

3ml

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4
Q

What does Hb in RBC do in regards to O2

A

Increases O2 carrying capactiy to 200ml/L

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5
Q

How is the bulk of CO2 transported

A

Tn various forms in solution in plasma

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6
Q

What is the arterial partial pressure of O2

A

The amount of O2 in solution and is determined by O2 solubility and the partial pressure of O2 in the gaseous phase that is driving O2 into solution

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7
Q

What are the values assigned to the partial pressure of a gas in solution equal to

A

The partial pressure in the gaseous phase that is driving that gas into solution

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8
Q

What is the value of PaO2

A

100 mmHg

Sometimes called oxygen tension

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9
Q

What is PO2 in solution equal to

A

Po2 in gaseous phase that results in that oxygen concentration in the liquid phase

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10
Q

Why do gases not travel in the gaseous phase in plasma

A

Bubbles would be present in the blood causing a fatal air embolism

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11
Q

What is the O2 demand of resting tissues

A

250ml/min

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12
Q

How do you calculate O2 delivery to tissues

A

Arterial O2 content x Cardiac output

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13
Q

How much arterial O2 is extracted by peripheral tissues at rest

A

25%

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14
Q

How much oxygen does every litre of systemic arterial blood contain

A

About 200ml with over 98% of it being bound to Hb and the rest being dissolved in plasma

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15
Q

How many molecules of oxygen does Hb bind

A

Co-operatively binds 4 molecules of oxygen

1.34ml O2 binding to each gram of Hb

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16
Q

What forms of Hb are found in RBC

A

HbA
HbA2 (where the δ chains replace β)
HbF (where γ chains replace β)
Glycosylated Hb (HbA1a, HbA1b, HbA1c)

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17
Q

How much HbA is found in RBC

A

92%

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18
Q

What is type of Hb makes up the remaining 8% of RBC

A

HbA2
HbF
Glycosylated Hb

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19
Q

What is the major determinant of the degree to which haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

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20
Q

How much contact time is required with the alveoli for saturation to be complete

A

0.25s

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21
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in plasma fundamental to

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A

In determining how much O2 binds to Hb

22
Q

How much of Hb is saturated with O2 at the normal systemic arterial Po2 of 100 mmHg

23
Q

How much of Hb is saturated with O2 at the Po2 of 60 mmHg

24
Q

What can occur when Po2 is moderately reduced

Study These Flashcards
A

A relatively normal uptake of oxygen by the blood

25
How much of a reserve capacity is present at normal venous PO2
75%
26
What has a higher affinity for O2 than HbA
Myoglobin | HbF (Foetal Hb)
27
Why is it important that HbF and myoglobin have a higher affinity than HbA
So they can extract O2 from maternal/arterial blood
28
What is anaemia
Any condition where the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is compromised
29
Give examples of some types of anaemia or the causes of anaemia
Iron deficiency Haemorrhage Vitamin B12 deficiency
30
What can change the affinity of Hb for O2
The response to certain chemical factors
31
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when pH decreases
Hb affinity for O2 decreases
32
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when pH increases
Hb affinity for O2 increases
33
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when PCO2 decreases
Hb affinity for O2 increases
34
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when PCO2 increases
Hb affinity for O2 decreases
35
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when temperature increases
Hb affinity for O2 decreases
36
What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when temperature decreases
Hb affinity for O2 increases
37
What happens to Hb affinity when it binds to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
Hb affinity for O2 decreases
38
What is 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthesised by
Erythocytes
39
In what situations does 2,3-diphosphoglycerate increase
Situations that are associated with inadequate oxygen supply (e.g. heart or lung disease, living at high altitude)
40
What does 2,3-diphosphoglycerate help maintain
Oxygen release in the tissues
41
Describe the structure of Hb
4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta) which are each associated with an iron containing haeme group
42
What does it mean when the affinity of Hb for O2 increases
It is more difficult to unload O2 and helps in collecting O2 in pulmonary circulation
43
What type of conditions are PCO2, pH and tempreture
Conditions which all exist locally in actively metabolising tissues and will facilitate the dissociation of O2 from Hb
44
How can carbon monoxide (CO) be formed
From the incomplete combustion of carbon fuel (e.g. car exhaust fumes, faulty heating appliances, lawn mowers)
45
What does CO bind to and form
Haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
46
What is the affinty of CO compared to O2
250 times greater than O2
47
Why is CO a problem once it has dissolved in circulation
It will bind readily and dissociate very slowly
48
What is the PCO of CO
0.4 mmHg
49
What are the symptoms of CO posioning
Hypoxia and anaemia Nausea and headaches Cherry red skin and mucous membranes Potential brain damage and death
50
What happens to the respiratory rate in CO poisoning and why
It is unaffected due to normal arterial PCO2
51
What is the treatment for CO poisoning
100% oxygen to increase PaO2

Respiratory System DO (33 decks)

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