ATP, other Nucleotides and Nucleic acids Flashcards
(15 cards)
Three principal component of Nucleotides are ?
- single or double nitrogenous base ( carbon-nitrogen ring )
- a monosaccharide
- one or more phosphate group
carbon-nitrogin ring called?
nitrogenous
important energy-transport molecule. gain energy from exergonic reaction such as glucose oxidation and release it with in seconds for physical work.
Most energy transfers to and from ATP involve adding or removing that third phosphate. short-lived molecule.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) best-known nucleotides
Specialized to hydrolyze the third high-energy phosphate bond, producing ADP and Pi
Adenosine Triphosphatases (ATPases)
It is produced by ATPases, specialized to hydrolyze the third high-energy phosphate bond.
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
The free phosphate groups released by ATP hydrolysis are often added to enzymes or other molecule to activate them. This additional Pi called what?
phosphorylation
Pi carried out by enzymes called__?
Kinases
much of ATP synthesis comes form glucose oxidation.(sugar splitting)
glycolysis
six-carbon glucose molecule into Two three-cabon molecule
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid depend on whether oxygen is available. If not, pyruvic aid is converted to lactic acid by a pathway called___? if oxygen available, more efficient pathway.___?
anaerobic fermentation
aerobic respiration
__is nucleotide formed by the removal of both the second and third phosphate group from ATP.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( c AMP )
“second messenger” to activate metabolic effects within the cell.
cAMP
It is another nucleotide involved in energy transfers. In some reactions, it donates phosphate groups to other molecules. EX donate its third phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP.
Guanosine triphosphate ( GTP)
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. The largest of them___?
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
aerobic respiration yield the most ATPs in what organelle?
Mitochondria
