CH2

Question 1

The simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties.

Answer 1

Element

Question 2

Major Elements

Answer 2

98.5% 6 elements

Oxygen  O 65.0%
Carbon  C  18.0%
Hydrogen H 10.0%
Nitrogen   N 3.0%
Calcium    Ca 1.5%
Phosphorus  P 1.0%

Question 3

Lesse Elements

Answer 3

0.8% 6 elements

sulfur  S 0.25 %
Potassium K 0.20%
Sodium Na 0.15%
Chlorine  Cl 0.15%
Magnesium Mg 0.05%
Iron         Fe 0.006%

Question 4

Trace Elements

Answer 4

0.7% 12 elements
Chromium Cr Cobalt Co Copper Cu Fluorine F
Iodine I Manganese Mn Molybdenum Mo Selenium Se
Silicon Si Tin Sn Vanadium V Zinc Zn

Question 5

How many % of Minerals constitute the human body weight?

Answer 5

4% of human body weight.
Ca and P 3/4
rest
Cl, Mg, K, Na, and S.

Question 6

What consist partly of crystals of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, fluoride and sulfate ions?

Answer 6

Bones and Teeth

Question 7

What is major component of nucleic acids, ATP, and cell membranes?

Answer 7

Protein include sulfure, and phosphorus.

Question 8

Enable enzymes and other organic molecules to function.

Answer 8

Minerals

Question 9

component of thyroid hormone

Answer 9

iodine

Question 10

component of hemoglobin

Answer 10

Iron

Question 11

nerve and muscle function

Answer 11

Electrolytes( mineral salt )

Question 12

electron=#proton

Answer 12

atom is electrically neutral

Question 13

The electron of the outermost shell

Answer 13

Valence electron

Question 14

Third shell will hold 18 electron only if what?

Answer 14

only in atom has 4 more shells

Question 15

only one electron shell and one electron. tend to react with other atoms that provide another electron and fill this hell with a stable number of two electron.

Answer 15

Hydrogen

Question 16

all elements have varieties. differ from one another only in number of neutrons and therefor in atomic mass.
(different neutrons and slightly different mass)

Answer 16

Isotope

2H(deuterium), 3H(tritium),

Question 17

many of isotopes are unstable and decay to more stave isotopes by giving off radiation.
unstable isotope called ?

Answer 17

radioisotope

Question 18

process of decay is called?

Answer 18

radioactivity

Question 19

ejects electron from atoms, converting atoms to ions?

It destroys morellos and produces dangerous free radicals and ions in human tissue.

Answer 19

Ionizing radiation

Question 20

The time required for 50% of its atoms to decay to amore stable state.

Answer 20

physical half-life

Question 21

The_______ of a radioisotope is the time required for half of it to disappear from the body.

Answer 21

biological half- life

Question 22

____ are charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Answer 22

Ions

Question 23

Elements with ___ to ___ valence electrons tend to give them up, and ___ to ___ electrons tend to gain more.

Answer 23

one to three

four to seven

Question 24

salt that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity.

Answer 24

Electrolytes

Question 25

___ are chemical particles with an add number of electrons. They have very destructive effects on cells and my contribute to aging and cancer, but the body has antioxidant chemical that provide some protection from them.

Answer 25

Free radicals | O2-.

Question 26

___ is a chemical that neutralizes free radicals.

Answer 26

antioxidant

Question 27

___ are chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond.

Answer 27

Molecules | example N2, O2

Question 28

Molecules composed of two or more different elements are called?

Answer 28

compounds | example Co2

Question 29

The molecular formulae are identical, but the structures and chemical properties are different.

Answer 29

Isomer

Question 30

water ---% to ----% of your body weight, depending on age, sex, fat content, and other factors.

Answer 30

50 % to 70 %

Question 31

The ability to dissolve other chemicals.

Answer 31

Solvency

Question 32

substances that dissolve in water, such as sugar, are said to be____; the relatively few substances that do not, such as fat, are ____.

Answer 32

hydrophilic hydrophobic

Question 33

___is the tendency of one substance to cling to another, whereas ____ us the tendency of molecule of the same substance to cling to each other.

Answer 33

Adhesion | cohesion (Hydrogen bond) water

Question 34

Ability to participate in chemical reactions.

Answer 34

chemical reactivity

Question 35

___ of water helps to stabilize the internal temperature of the body.

Answer 35

thermal stability

Question 36

a solution consists of particles of matter

Answer 36

solute　溶質

Question 37

a more abundant substance

Answer 37

solvent 溶媒　溶かす能力のある

Question 38

The most common___ in the body are mixtures of protein and water, such as the albumin in blood plasma. It can change from liquid to gel states-gelatin desserts, agar culture media, and the fluids within and between our cell.

Answer 38

colloid

Question 39

The blood cells in our blood plasma. :particles exceed 100nm : lage particles cloudy or opaque : too late to penetrate selectively permeable membranes : too heavy to remain permanently suspended, separate.

Answer 39

suspension

Question 40

an ___ is a suspension of one liquid in another such as oil-and - vinegar salad dressing.

Answer 40

emulsion

Question 41

__ is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Answer 41

Molarity

Question 42

proton donor, molecule that releases a proton ( H+) in water.

Answer 42

acid

Question 43

proton accepter. Since hydroxyde ions (OH-) accept H+, many ___ are substances that release hydroxide ions-sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Answer 43

base it doesn't have to be hydroxide(OH-) donor. ammonia (NH3) is base and it accepts hydrogen ion (H+) then become the ammonium ion (NH4+)

Question 44

pH below 7 are ___; and above 7 are ___.

Answer 44

acide basic (alkaline) the lower the ph value, the more Hydrogen ions so, more acidic.

Question 45

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH are called ___

Answer 45

buffers

Question 46

__ is energy contained in an object. that is not doing work at the time.

Answer 46

potential energy

Question 47

___ is energy of motion, energy that doing work

Answer 47

kinetic energy

Question 48

a large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones; symbolically AB → A + B starch into thousands of glucose molecules.

Answer 48

decomposition

Question 49

two or more small molecules combine to form a large one; A + B →AB several hundred amino acids into one protein molecule.

Answer 49

synthesis reaction

Question 50

two molecules exchange atoms or group of atoms. | AB + CD →AC + BD

Answer 50

exchange reaction

Question 51

___ can go in either direction under different circumstances and are represented with paired arrows.

Answer 51

Reversible reactions