Attachment Flashcards
(31 cards)
Reciprocity
() Each person sends a response which elicits a response back
() “Turn taking”
() ALTERT PHASES: Signal ready for interaction
() Feldman and Eichman: Mother picks up 2/3s of the time
() Feldman: Increases from three months
() ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT: Brazelton: “Dance”
Interactional Synchrony
() Perform the same actions in unison
() Meltzoff and Moore: 3 facial expressions or actions identified by observers, likely to mirror the caretaker
() Isabella: 30 babies, High levels of synchrony associated with better-quality attachment
Stages of attachment Research
() OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
() LONGITUDINAL STUDY
() 60 Glasgow babies
() Asked mothers questions and tested anxiety
Stages of attachment Stages
Stages:
() Asocial: Slight preference to other people
() Indiscriminant attachment: From 2-7 months: Clear preference to humans. No SEPERATION ANXIETY, STRANGER ANXIETY
() Specific attachment: From 7 months, SEPERATION ANXIETY, STRANGER ANXIETY. PRIMARY ATTACHMENT FIGURE developed, the person who spends most time with the baby
() Multiple attachments: SECONDARY ATTACHMENTS, 29% within a month from specific, most in 1 year.
Role of the father
() Schaffer Emerson
() Grossman
() Field
Schaffer Emerson Role of the father
() 3% father was first attachment
() 27% join first attachment
() 75% attached by 18 months
Grossman Role of the father
() LONGITUDINAL study until teens
() Fathers attachment not related to attachments in adolescence
() Fathers play was related to attachments though
Field Role of the father
() Primary-caregiver fathers spent as much time as primary-caregiver mothers
Animal Studies Lorenz
() IMPRINTING
() CONTROL GROUP vs EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
() CRITICAL PERIOD identified
() Case study: SEXUAL IMPRINTING in Peacocks
Animal Studies Harlow
() Cloth mother and wire mother
() 16 baby monkeys
() Milk dispensed by cloth or wire
() Monkeys didn’t care which on dispensed
() Maternal deprivation: Cloth mother bad, wire mother worse
() Less sociable, less skilled at mating, neglected their young
() Critical period: 90 days
Learning theory
() Dollard and Miller
() CAREGIVER-INFANT ATTACHMENT
() CUPBOARD LOVE
() ATTACHMENT FIGURE
() Op + Class Conditioning
() Drive reduction
Classical Conditioning
() UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS: Food
() UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE: pleasure
() NEUTRAL STIMULUS: Caregiver
() CONDITIONED STIUMLUS: Caregiver
() CONDITIONED RESPONSE: Caregiver
Operant Conditioning
() POSITVE, NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
() Both parent and caregiver and NEGATIVELY REINFORCED
Learning theory Drives
() DRIVE REDUCTION
() PRIMARY DRIVE: Hunger
() Attachment: SECONDARY DRIVE
Bowlby’s monotropic theory overview
() Explanation for ATTACHMENT
() EVOLUTIONARY explanation
() Attachment is an INNATE system
() Monotropy
() Social releasers
() Critical period 6 months
() SENSITIVE PERIOD
() Internal working model
Monotropy MONOTROPY
() Attachment to one is more important than any other
() PRIMARY ATTACHMENT FIGURE
() LAW OF CONTINUITY: Must be predictable and constant
() LAW OF ACCUMULATED SEPERATION: Effects of separation add up
Social Releasers
() Innate cute behaviours
() Activate interaction
() Reciprocal process
Internal working model
() Mental representation of their relationship with PAF
() Affects later relationships
() Especially affects parenting style
Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure
() CONTROLLED OBSERVATION
() LABATORY
() 7 episodes
() Proximity seeking
() Exploration and secure base
() Stranger anxiety
() Separation anxiety
() Response to reunion
Ainsworth Strange Situation Findings
Findings:
(60-75%) SECURE (Type B): Moderate behaviours
(20-25%) INSECURE-AVOIDANT (Type A): They dc
(3%) INSECURE-RESISTANT (Type C): High levels of stranger and separation distress
Cultural Variations
() Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
() Italian
() Korean
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
() META-ANALYSIS on proportions of attachment
() 1990 children
() Secure most popular in all
() INDIVIDUALIST resistant rates: similar to Ainsworth
() COLLECTIVIST: China, Japan, Israel: Above 25%
() Variations 150% greater within countries
Italian Study
() Simonelli
() 76 babies
() 50% secure
() 36% insecure-avoidant
() Reason: Increase in mothers working
Korean Study
() Kyoung Jin
() 87 babies
() Similar to Japan
() Only one baby was avoidant
