Psychopathology Eval Flashcards
(13 cards)
Failure to function adequately
(+) Threshold for help: 25% of people will experience severe mental health problems in one year, but many will press on
(-) Discriminatory to alternative life-styles
Deviation from ideal mental health:
(+) Highly comprehensive: Covers many aspects, suitable for treatment for different approaches (Humanist: self actualise, psychiatrist: symptoms)
(-) Culture-bound: Idea of self-actualisation is selfish. Even in western: high in Germany, low in Italy
Statistical Infrequency
(+) Real-world application: Example: Severe depression is above 30 on Becks depression inventory
(-) Unusual characteristics can be positive: We would not see these positive characteristics as unusual
Deviation from social norms
(+) Real-world application: Schizotypal personality disorder: “Abnormal thoughts”
(-) Cultural relativism: Hearing voices example, Even within one cultural context norms differ: Deceitful behaviour in family life vs corporate deal-making
Behavioural approach to explaining phobias
(+) Application in exposure therapies: Remove positive association between avoidance and lack of fear
(-) Does not account for cognitive: Phobias are not just avoidance behaviours, there are cognitive elements
(+) Support for bad experiences and phobias: Ad De Jongh: 73% of dental phobia had bad experience, compared to 21% control group
CC: Snake phobia inherently common, also not all bad experiences lead to phobias
Systematic Desensitisation
(+) Gilroy: 42 spider phobia people, 45 min sessions,. 3 month check and 33 month check. Less scared than control gorup of only relaxation
(+) Suitable for learning disabilities: Doesn’t require high level of rational thought, flooding confusing and traumatising
Flooding
(+) Persons: Case of woman whos fear of death subbed by fear of critisism, doesnt tackle underlying phobia-maker
(-) Traumatic: Schumacher: Participants found it significantly more stressful. Informed consent needed. Attrition (drop-out) rates are very high.
Becks negative triad
(+) Support for vulnerabilities: PROSPECTIVE study Cohen: vulnerabilities reliably predicted later depression in 473 adolescents
(+) Real application: Understanding cognitive vulnerability can be applied in CBT, which works to alter cognitions
Ellis’s ABC Model
(+) Real world treatment: REBT. David Support: Change negative beliefs and symptoms
(-) Explains REACTIVE but not ENDOGENOUS depression
Becks Cognitive Treating Depression
(+) Evidence for effectiveness: March: 327 depressed adolescents. 81%, 81%, 86% significantly improved after 36 weeks
(-) Relapse rates: Ali: 439 clients: 42% relapsed after 6 months, 53% relapsed after a year
(-) Not suitable for diverse clients: Sturmey: Any talking therapy not suitable for learning disabilities, some people may not be able to engage
CC: Lewis and Lewis: CBT as effective as drugs for learning disabilitys
Biological Explaining OCD Genetic
(+) Nestadt Support: 68% MZ and 31% DZ
(-) Cromer: Over half the patients had experienced traumatic event at some point in their life
Biological Explaining OCD Neural
(+) Support for serotonin: Antidepressents targeting serotonin help OCD (SSRIs). Parkinsons confirmed to be genetic and OCD symptoms witeh Parkinsons
(-) Serotonin-OCD link not unique to OCD. CO-MORBITY with depression common. Seretonin loss could just be caused by depression.
Biological Treating OCD
(+) Cost-effective and non-disruptive: Compared to therapies
(-) Side effects: Small minority get no benefit, blurred vision, loss of sex drive. Clomipramine: 1 in 10 weight gain, 1 in 100 aggressive
(+) Soomro: 17 studies compared SSRIs to placebos. Reduce for 70%, other 30% treated with other drugs.
CC: Skapinakis: Cogntive and behavoiural therapies more effective.
