Attachment Eval Flashcards
(12 cards)
Caregiver-infant interactions
Eval:
(+) Filmed observations: INTER-RATER RELIABILITY. OVERT OBSERVATIONS.
(-) Hard to interpret babies behaviour: Babies lack coordination
(-) Hard to know importance: Feldman: Can be observed but do not tell us about how the baby will develop
CC: Interactional synchrony predicted good quality attachment
Stages of attachment
Eval:
(-) Poor evidence: Anxiety hard to measure in infants.
(+) Real application: Day care good for first 2 stages, bad for stage 3.
(+) Good methodology: External validity, Observers not present
CC: Mothers are not objective observers.
Role of the father
Eval:
(-) Bias: Father stereotypes may cause OBSERVER BIAS
(+) Real world use: Reassure that father can become PRIMARY ATTACHMENT FIGURES
(-) Conflicting evidence to Grossman: Single mother and lesbian households children do not grow up differently (McCallum and Golombok)
CC: Only mother households may adapt to the role of the father
Lorenz
(+) Regolin and Victoria Support: Chicks followed original shape
(-) Lack of generalizability: Mammals: TWO-WAY PROCESS
(+) Seebach: “Baby duck syndrome” on OS.
Harlow
(+) Real value: Ethical zoos, explain to clinical psychologists
(-) Generalizability: Cant generalize to humans
(-) Ethical issues
Learning theory
(-) Lack of support: Lorenz and Harlow
(-) Counter-evidence: Schaffer and Emerson: Attachment to mother regardless of feeding
(-) Shows babies to have passive role: Feld and Eichman show baby has active role
Bowlby’s monotropic theory
(-) Schaffer Emerson contradiction: Significant minority had multiple attachments at once.
(+) Support for releasers: Brazelton: When PAF ignored releasers baby became distressed and eventually curled up and lay motionless
(+) Support for internal working model: Bailey: In study of 99 mothers found poor attachment was generational
CC: Kornieko: Could be genetic differences in anxiety or sociability
Ainsworth Strange Situation
(+) INTER-RATER RELIABILITY: Bick: Found 94% agreement. Babies doing large emotions / movements
(-) Culture bound: ETHNOCENTRISM Takahashi: Japan resistant-rates where very high, but this could be because mother child separation is rare
(+) PREDICTIVE VALDITIY: McCormick: Less involvement in bullying in childhood, Ward: Better mental health in adulthood
CC: Anxiety genes may be the effect not attachment
Cultural Variations:
(-) Confounding variables: Size of room, age of children, poverty of area.
(+) Imposed etic: For example: Germany independence encouraged.
(+) Indigenous researchers: Examples: Grossman German, Takahashi Japanese. Researchers can communicate and interpret stuff better.
CC: Morelli and Tronick where from America studying attachment patterns in the Efe of Zaire
Maternal Deprivation
(-) Deprivation vs privation: Rutter: Children had been “prived” rather than deprived (They never had a PAF in the first place)
(-) Critical vs sensitive: Koluchova: Czech twins: Abused from 18months to 7: Recovered fully by teens
(-) Flawed evidence: Bowlby did the interview. Goldfard research had CONFOUNDING VARIABLES: Wartime: Early trauma
CC: Levy: Rat separation for just 1 day lead to socialisation problems
Influence of early attachments
(-) Not longitudinal to link attachment on later relationships: Ask adults about their early attachment instead
(-) Confounding variables: Genetics, parenting style
(-) Over pessimistic: Clarke and Clarke: Attachment is probabilistic
Institutionalisation
(+) Children need 1 or 2 key workers
(-) Latest ERA study was in their 20s
(+) Not wartime
CC: Other variables: Only poor
