Conformity Flashcards
(22 cards)
Asch BASELINE:
123 American males
Groups of 6-8
One was a NIAVE participant
Rest were CONFEDERATES
Conformed due to NSI
36.8% conformity chance
75% conformed at least once
Asch VARIABLES on CONFORMITY research:
Group size:
Number of CONFEDERATES increased from 1-15. He found a CURVILINEAR relationship.
3 confederates: 31.8%
Unanimity:
DISSENTER present
People conformed less
Task Difficulty:
ISI took place
Types of Conformity (Kelman):
Internalisation:
PRIVATE as well as PUBLIC change. PERNAMENT change.
Identification:
Something about the group we VALUE. We IDENTIFY with the group. PUBLICALLY change opinions but do not PRIVATELY agree.
Compliance:
PUBLIC not PRIVATE. SUPERFICIAL change: stops as soon as group pressure stops.
Explanations for conformity (Deutsch and Gerard):
Overview:
TWO-PROCESS THEORY. ISI and NSI lead to CONFORMITY.
ISI:
() Who has better information. () COGNITIVE process. () Leads to INTERNALISATION. () Examples: New situations, crisis
NSI:
() What is normal for a group, gain social approval. () EMOTIONAL process. () Leads to COMPLIANCE.
() Examples: Situations of social approval, stressful situations.
Types of Conformity Eval:
(-) Individual Differences: NAFFILIATORS. Strong need for AFFILIATION. McGhee and Teevan: nAffiliators more likely to conform.
(+) Lucas Support: More likely when difficult
(+) Asch Support: When participants answered privitally, conformity fell to 12.5%. No NORMATIVE GROUP PRESSURE.
CC: NSI and ISI could work together
Zimbardo Research:
Reason:
Are guards sadistic or conforming to social role
Stanford Prison Procedure:
() 21 males
() RANDOMLY ASSIGNED
() Encouraged to CONFORM to social roles
() Uniforms: Prisoners were numbered: DE-INVIDUALISATION
() Guards were constantly reminded they had complete power
Zimbardo findings about social roles:
() Guards used fire extinguishers
() Day 2: Rebellion, then prisoners became subdued
() Prisoner released due to disturbance
() Day 4: Hunger strike, sent to the hole
() Day 6: Study ended here instead of day 14
Milgram Baseline:
Reason
Germans WW2.
Milgram Findings
() 100%: 300v
() 65%: 450v
() QUALITATIVE DATA: OBSERVATIONS: Sweat, tremble, seizures
() German people are not different
Milgram Procedure
() 40 men
() CONFEDERATES
() Teacher or Learner
() Experimenter present
() 15-volt step to 450
Milgram Situational Variables:
Proximity:
Same room: 40%
Touch proximity: 30%
Remove Experimenter: 20.5%
Location (Run down office block):
47.5%
Uniform:
New CONFEDERATE with ordinary clothes
20%
Agentic State
() Interest by Milgram sparked by Adolf Eichmanns trial. He proposed people become an “agent”.
() AUTONOMOUS STATE: The opposite
() AGENTIC SHIFT: The change
() SOCIAL HIERARCHY: Person above makes agent
() BINDING FACTORS: Help to reduce MORAL STRAIN
Legitimacy of authority:
() Where people higher on the SOCIAL HIERARCHY are considered by society to have legitimate authority.
() Power to punish
() Learn from childhood: Parents, teachers, adults
() Destructive authority: Use of legitimate powers for destructive purposes
Authoritarian Personality Desc
() Adorno investigated obedience of Germans, they believed it was due to personality
() Extreme respect for authority
() Traditional values
() Contempt for inferior SOCIAL STATUS
() Black and white view
AP Background:
() Strict discipline
() CONDITIONAL LOVE
() Resentment is DISPLACED through SCAPEGOATING minorities
() Psychodynamic explanation
Social Support:
() Asch Discentre
() Others act as a “model” of independent behaviour
() Enables to follow own conscious
() Milgram: 10% when other disobedient learner
() Obedience: Challenges legitimacy of authority
Locus of control:
() Lies on a CONITUUM of INTERNAL or EXTERNAL
() High INT: Self-confident, higher intelligence.
Minority Influence
() Lead to internalization
() SYNCHRONIC CONSISTENCY: All saying the same thing
() DIACHRONIC CONSISTENCY: Saying the same thing over time
() Commitment: Risk leads to AUGMENTATION PRINCIPLE
() Flexibility: Charlens Nemeth: Consistency is rigid and dogmatic, balance must be found
() Explanation: These factors lead to CONVERSION through DEEPER PROCESSSING, which over time leads to the SNOWBALL EFFECT
Moscovici
() 6 women total 2 confederates
() 36 blue slides
() Consistent variation: 8.42%
() Inconsistent variation (2/3s): 1.25%
Social Change through minorities
() Drawing attention
() Consistency
() Deeper processing
() Augmentation principle
() Snowball effect
() Social cryptomnesia
Application application Social Change
() Campaigns appeal to NSI
() “Bin it: Others do it”
() “Most other young people don’t smoke”
() Asch disobedient role model: power of dissent
() Milgram: Disobedient role models
