attachment Flashcards
(35 cards)
who investigated types of attachment? what was the study called?
Mary Ainsworth
the strange situation
how many ppts did the strange situation have? how old were they?
160 between 9 and 18 months old
outline the steps of the strange situation
- mother stranger infant explores
- conversation between mum and stranger
- infant stranger
- mother infant
- infant
- infant stranger
- mother infant
what were the 3 types of attachment found in the strange situation? and percentages
secure attachment 70%
insecure avoidant 15%
insecure resistant 15%
what were the features of securely attached children?
show distress when separated
moderate stranger anxiety
comforted when reunited
what were the features of insecure avoidant children?
not distressed at separation
no stranger anxiety
can be comforted by a stranger
what were the features of insecure resistant child?
show distress when separated
stranger anxiety
reject contact when reunited.
evaluation of the strange situation
positive: controlled variables become accepted method to measure attachment replicable and same findings child friendly room 9-18 months old have developed sociability negative: low ecological validity demand characteristics from mothers might not be main attachment figure
who carried the meta analysis of cross cultural studies on the strange situation ? how many studies?
van ljzebdoorn 32 studies
results of van ljzebdoorn ank Kroonenberg study
most child securely attached
insecure: western countries mostly avoidant (tiger in Germany)
non-western mostly resistant (Japan)
most differences within
evaluationvan ljzebdoorn study
researcher bias
cultural bias brought up in different ways. Germany values independence
how could secure attachment influence later relationship
confident
trustworthy relationships
how could insecure avoidant attachment influence later in life
no trustworthy relationships
how could insecure resistant attachment influence later life?
insecure
define attachment
emotional reciprocal mutual bond between caregiver and infant
interactions between caregiver and infant
- sensitive responsiveness - respond correctly to signals and needs
- imitation
- interactional synchrony
- motherase
who studied stages of attachment
Schaffer and emerson
stages found by staffer and emerson
1 asocial phase 0 to 6 w - distinguish object and humans
2 indiscriminate attachment 6w 7m - enjoy protest in stop interacting
3 discriminate attachment 7m 9m - special distressed
4 multiple attachments
study to support staffer and emerson
glasgow longitudinal study 60 infants between 0 - 18 month old observed every 4 weeks, stages found to occur, only 50% primary attachment was mother
how did animal studies
Lorenz and halow
Lorenz key
imprinting (attach to first moving object)
critical period 16 h
Harlow key
- comfortable and food mum
- 3/6/12 months isolates
- social emotional disturbance
- violet with offspring
2 explanations of attachment
learning theory
bowlby
outline learning theory
dollar and miller
classical conditioning associate mum with pleasure given by food
operant conditioning negative reinforcement, mum stops hunger
