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Flashcards in Attachment - Daycare Deck (30)
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1
Q

Why might we expect day care to affect social development?

A

First socialization (new stimulus other than family) having to share ect.
No primary care-giver (sharing carers)
Disruption to attachment/separation from parents

2
Q

Why is it difficult to study day care and social development?

A

Because you can’t manipulate the independent variable because you can’t impose bad quality day care on children in comparison to good quality day care - unethical.
You can’t randomly allocate children

3
Q

Why might the characteristics of mothers who do and don’t choose day care differ?

A

Those who choose day care are more likely to be busy, working mother in contrast with those with plenty of free time, not rushed ect.

4
Q

What is a problem with drawing conclusions from research into daycare?

A

Many different types of day care (nurseries, nannies, relative care)

5
Q

State 2 studies which look at the affect of day care on attachments and outline their results

A

Clarke-Stewart: Found no evidence of attachment differences in children home reared, child-minders or group based care
Belsky & Rovine: Found that children who spent more time (>20 hours a week) in daycare were more insecurely attached than home-reared children

6
Q

Name the studies looking at the effects of day care on peer relations

A

Campbell
Field
DiLalla

7
Q

Outline the procedure of Campbell’s research

A

Studied a group of children in Sweden attending childcare between 18 months and 3 1/2 years, 4 at a child minder and 30 at a nursery. Their social competence was tested at 6 1/2, 8 1/2 and 15.

8
Q

State the results from Campbell’s study

A

Long days in day care = less socially competent

More days per week but with shorter days = more socially competent.

9
Q

Describe Field’s study

A

Examined time spent in day care and quality of care received.
Found that the more time spent in daycare the more friends they had and in more extra-curricular activities. Higher quality care meant more physical affection to peers

10
Q

Describe DiLalla’s study

A

Looked at how day care effected pro-social behaviour.
Found a negative correlation between amount of time in care and their pro-social behavior. The more time in day care the less cooperative they were with peers.

11
Q

Give 3 evaluative points for Campbell’s research

A
  • Controlled families: The comparison was made between families in daycare and those who applied but didn’t get it; similar to a matched pairs design
  • Population validity: just in Sweden, just one group of people (those who apply for daycare) cannot generalize
  • Self Report: Subject to bias; not likely to say they have no friends at 15.
12
Q

Name the studies looking at the effects of day care on aggression

A

Belsky
Baker et al
Borge et al

13
Q

State the procedure for Belsky’s study

A

Carried out a longitudinal study in the US, looking at more than 1000 children from birth. They were followed up at 4 1/2 and 15 years, looking at their aggression levels

14
Q

State the results for Belsky’s study

A

Children who experienced day care show advanced cognitive and language development, but higher levels of problem behaviors including aggression towards peers and being less obedient to authority figures

15
Q

Describe Baker’s study

A

Analayzed data on 33,000 children, finding that in the post day care period, aggression among 2-4 year olds increased by 24% in Quebec and 1% in the rest of Canada.

16
Q

State the procedure of Borge’s study

A

Representative sample of 3,431 2-3 year olds living in Canada, comparing home-reared with day care children.
Took into account the role of family background

17
Q

What were the results from Borge’s study?

A

Showed that aggression was significantly higher in home-reared children than day care children

18
Q

What 4 factors effect the success of day care practice?

A
  • Quality of day care provision
  • Temperament
  • Different day care provision
  • Time spent in day care
19
Q

What factors effect the quality of day care provision?

A
  • staff to children ratio
  • staff turnover
  • physical provisions
20
Q

Name and state the procedure of a study into different day care provision

A

Melhuish
Looked at 3 types of day care:
-Relatives (best ratio, lowest peer contact)
-Child minder
-Nursery (worst ratio, highest peer contact)

21
Q

State the findings of Melhuish’s study

A

18 month assessment:
language skills best in relative care

3 year assessment:
pro-social behaviour best in nursery care (sharing, cooperation, ability to empathize)

22
Q

What factors affecting the benefits of day care did Campbell look at?

A
  • Quality

- Length of day

23
Q

What factors affecting the benefits of day care did Melhuish look at?

A

Type of day care

Within that: ratio

24
Q

What factors affecting the benefits of daycare did Belsky look at?

A

Time spent in day care (more time = more aggressive)

25
Q

What factors affecting the benefits of daycare did Borge look at?

A

Type of day care (home vs. day care)

26
Q

List 4 ways in which child care practices have changed due to influence from research

A

Good day care practice
Hospital admissions
Adoption
Combating deprivation

27
Q

What research has effected ‘Good day care practice’ in day care?

A

Steele found that young children when under stressful situations have increased levels of cortisol (stress hormone), found often when children are in day care. In order to make daycare less stressful, nurseries implemented key workers (staff emotionally available to the child and provide warmth and security)

28
Q

What research has effected ‘Hospital Admissions‘ in day care?

A

Robertson & Robertson showed in situations where children experience physical separation from their primary attachment figure, the negative effects of disruption can be avoided if substitute emotional care is provided as well as links with the existing attachment figures. As a result, children’s wards now routinely allow parents to stay with their children and also actively involve them in the child’s care.

29
Q

What research has effected ‘Adoption’ in day care?

A

Bolwby’s research into MDH led to changes in the timings of adoptions; they must take place before the critical period so that the child doesn’t experience deprivation. Now adoptions take place within the first week after birth.

30
Q

What is Sure Start?

A

Aim to break poverty by providing high quality day care for children and support for their families in England.