Attachment - Stages Of Attachment Flashcards
(16 cards)
Who created the stages of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
Aim
Investigated the formation of early attachments in particular the age at which they developed their emotional intensity and who it was directed to
Sample
60 babies (31 male 29 female)
from Glasgow
from skilled working class families
How often were the babies assessed?
Every month until 18 months old
Longitudinal study
How was it measured?
Separation and stranger anxiety were assessed
Observations were done by parents and reported to researchers
When does the asocial stage happen?
0 to 6 weeks
What happens in the asocial stage?
Behaviour to humans in an animal objects is the same
baby shows comfort from familiar faces
When does the indiscriminate attachment stage occur?
6 weeks to 7 months
What happens in the indiscriminate attachment stage?
Shows clear preference for humans
Babies accept comfort from anyone (no stranger anxiety)
no separation anxiety
When does the specific attachment stage occur?
7 to 9 months
What happens during the specific attachment stage?
Stranger and separation anxiety are present
Baby has formed specific attachments (this is the person who responds to their signals best)
When does the multiple attachment stage occur?
9 months +
What happens during the multiple attachment stage?
Specific attachment ascend to multiple attachments (called secondary attachments).
29% form secondary attachments a month after primary
Bowlby (1969)
Believe that children had one primary attachment (monotropy) and any other attachments were of minor significance
Carpenter (1975)
Found that a 2 week old baby showed distress after seeing mother’s face with a different voice shows recognition of mother at an early age
Van Ijzendoorn et al (1993)
Believe that babies fall multiple attachments from the outset
