Attitudes and Attitude changes

Question 1

Attitudes

Answer 1

Either positive or negatives, stable evaluations of people, objects and ideas

Question 2

what are the functions of attitudes *2

Answer 2

Save cognitive energy
- know how to respond in situations without havign to figure out

utilitarian function
- attitude serve a practical goal orientated purpose

Question 3

Three components of attitudes (ABC)

Answer 3

Affective based attitudes (feeling component)
Behavioural based attitudes (feeling component)
Cognitive based attitudes (thought component)

Question 4

Affective based attitudes (feeling component)

Answer 4

emotional reasoning
not governed by logic
often linked to people values

Question 5

Behaviorally Based Attitude (Action Component)

Answer 5

An attitude based on observations of how one behaves toward an
attitude object

Question 6

Cognitive-based Attitudes (Thought Component)

Answer 6

evaluating the facts

Question 7

classical conditioning

Answer 7

learning through association
associate neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus - leading to learned response
e.g Pavlov experiemnt - specific sound bell played and then dog got fed, became conditioned

Question 8

operant conditioning

Answer 8

learning in which behaviours become more or less probable depending on their consequences - pos/neg reinforcement/punishment

Question 9

Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 9

a psychological model that explains how individuals’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence their intentions and ultimately their behavior

Question 10

three key factors of theory of planned behaviour

Answer 10

attitudes - Personal evaluation of the behavior

subjective norms - Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform the behavior

perceived behavioural control - Belief in one’s ability to perform the behavior

Question 11

implicit attitudes

Answer 11

involuntary uncontrollable and unconscious attitudes

Question 12

explicit attitudes

Answer 12

consciously and readily self reported attitudes

Question 13

persuasion

Answer 13

the action or process of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.

Question 14

who are people more likley to listen to when being persuaded?

Answer 14

credible people
experienced people
attractive people

Question 15

audience effect

Answer 15

the change in a person’s behavior or performance due to the presence of an audience, or the belief that they are being observed

Question 16

central route vs peripheral route in persuasion

Answer 16

central:
- are the arguments compelling?
- focus on content and quality of argument
- deep processing
- long lasting attitude change

peripheral
- are the cures compelling?
- superficial cues e.g attractiveness of the speaker, emotional tone
- shallow processing
- temporary attitude change

Question 17

Fear appeals

Answer 17

promote fear to induce behaviour change
e.g drink driving ads

Question 18

the “sleeper effect”

Answer 18

The sleeper effect is a delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a message that comes from a low-credibility source. Over time, people tend to forget the source but remember the message, making them more likely to be persuaded later than immediately after hearing it.

Example:
You read a health article from a questionable tabloid that says a certain diet boosts memory. At first, you dismiss it. But weeks later, you recall the claim (not the source) and start believing it might be true.

Question 19

attitude inoculation

Answer 19

a technique that builds resistance to persuasive messages by first exposing individuals to weakened arguments against their existing beliefs