Educational Psych Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is educational psych
a field that studies human learning an development with educational settings
- how individuals learn - cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of learning
what do practitioners do (educational sense)?
apply educational theory in real world settings - teaching, training pr educational support
(Herbert) formal steps of learning
PPAGA
Steps form a structured approach to lesson planning and instruction
1. preparation (connecting new material to prior knowledge)
2. presentation (introduce new content clearly)
3. association (comparison and linking)
4. generalisation (form broader concepts and drawing conclusions)
5. application (apply) knowledge in new situations
Witmer – evidence-based interventions
focused on helping children with learning and behavioural difficulties
- focused on diagnosis through testing
- tailord interventions based on child’s needs
- integrated theory and practice
- multidisciplinary collaboration - worked with teachers, docs, parents
- commitment to scientific evidence
Binet – intelligence testing
Practical intelligence test
- foundation work for modern day IQ testing
- measured for mental age though reasoning, memory, attention and problem solving
- aimed to identify children who were struggling in school so they could get more tailored help
Piaget – cognitive development (4 stages)
how thinking evolves overtime
- sensorimotorstage = 0-2yrs, learn through senses and actions, develop object permanence
- preoperational 2-7years, use symbols and language, thinking is egocentric and intuitive
- concrete operational 7-11yrs, think logivally about concrete objects, understand covo, and classification
- formal operation 12+yrs, can think abstractly, use hypothetical reasoning and plan ahead
Schema (piaget)
Mental framework for understanding the world
e.g child has a dog schema for all fluffy animals
assimilation (piaget)
fitting new info into existing schema
e.g calling a cat a dog
accomodation (piaget)
changing scheam to fit new info
e.g learning that cats and dogs are different
equilibration (piaget)
balancing assimilation and accomodation to create stable understanding
e.g mental adjustment during learning
Three levels of intervention
Micro = the individual
Meso = community/group e.g families, schools
Macro = societal e.g policy and laws
Judgement of learning (indv)
students internal assessment of how well they have learned something and how likley they are likley to recall it later
metacognition (micro)
understanding of own thoughts
Mismatch between metacognitive belief & study choice (micro)
- pair mode more beneficial than testing
although students thought that testing would be better for them
high utility techniques for studying (micro)
practice testing and active recall
distributed practice = spacing study sessions over time
low utility study (micro)
highlighting, reading, summarising without active engagement
moderate utility study (micro)
elaborative interrogation - asking why questions to deepen understanding
self explanation - teaching in own words
interleaved practice - mixing different problems or subjects in one session
resilience intervention (meso)
goals to promote mental health and support educational and social outcomes
utility, constructive feedback, low-stakes testing, self affirmation, malleability of intelligence, interpretation of difficulties
inclusion intervention (meso)
participation and inclusion
foster student contact, promote cooperation, individualise students, make inclusion normative, foster social belonging, beliefs about social groups
i-frame and s-frame
how schools repsond to diversity and special educational needs
I - frame: individual frame
- focuses on the individual, targeted interventions, and courses
s-frame: System frame
- school structure, teaching methods, within the school. universal or systematic changes to improve inclusion for all learnings
