Group Dynamics, stereotypes, prejudice Flashcards
(21 cards)
entitativity
the degree to which a group is perceived as a cohesive, unified entity
range between high and low entitativity groups
high entitativity
internally well structured, clear boundaries, relatively homogenous
members are more interdependent and have a more tightly shared fate in comparison to low entitativity grups
low entitativity
blurred boundaries, less internal structure, relatively heterogeneous
group cohesiveness
property that affectively binds people within the group
- solidarity and oneness
- generates conformity to group standards and enhanced liking
social roles
shared expectation in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave
pro
- sets expectations around behaviour
con
- people get too far into their roles that their individual personalities can get lost
stanford prison experiment (zimbardo) and BBC prison exp (reicher & haslam)
- randomly assigned prisoners and guards in mock prison environments
- extreme behaviour as a response of social roles and situational power
- role based behaviour emerges only when people internalise roles through social identification with the group, incorporating the role into their identity
what is deindividualisation - example in a group
the loss of self awareness
“mob mentality”
- individuals feel less personally accountable
- increases group obedience to group norms
model of group socialisation (molard & levine)
- how individuals change in order to fit into the group
- how new members can be intentionally or unintentionally be sources of innovation
cognitive component of stereotypes
schematic foundation - stereotypes emerge from mental frameworks that organise and simplify complex info
cognitive efficiency - mental shortcuts to categorise and understand social groups quickly
cognitive meiser - minimising mental effort through broad oversimplified representations
problematic outcome - shortcuts blind us to individual differences, leading to unfair categorisations
Prejudices: Affective Component
gut feelings, emotional reactions and responses
interpersonal discrimination (behavioural)
interactional demonstrations of unjust or prejudicial mistreatment toward individual members of a social group
e.g The use of racial slurs or similar hate speech against an individual or group of people
institutional discrimination (behavioural)
policies and context that create and maintain inequality
e.g women cannot vote, drive, or work certain jobs
stereotypes
A generalization about a group
of people in which certain traits
are assigns to virtually all
members of the group,
regardless of actual variation
among the members
prejudice
A hostile or negativeattitude toward a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership in that group
illusory correlation
a cognitive bias where individuals perceive a relationship between two variables when none actually exist
IAT and stereotypes
individuals can unconsciously perpetuate stereotypes even without personally endorsing them
stereotypes - two step model of cognition
Automatic Processing
- Stereotypes are automatically
activated in the presence of a member or symbol of a
stigmatised group
Controlled Processing
- If the person becomes aware of these thoughts and is motivated, they can suppress or override stereotype
stereotype content model (fiske)
proposes that stereotypes are based on two core dimensions: warmth (trustworthiness, friendliness) and competence (capability, assertiveness).
examples:
LW,LC = contempt
LW,HC = envy
HW,LC = pity
HW,HC = admiration
4 sections of stereotype content model (fiske)
Paternalistic (HW,LC)
- elderly people, disabled people
Admiration (HW,HC)
- in groups, close allies
Disgust (LW,LC)
- dehumanisation
- homeless, drug ddicts
Envious (LW,HC)
- rich people, Jews, Asians
reduction of stereotypes
stereotypes are resistant to change (cause they are a schema)
- bookkeeping, conversion
- subtyping = subcategory to accomodate disconfirming evidence
