intro applied Flashcards
(17 cards)
applied psyc
uses psych principles and theories from basic psych to address real world problems and Improve human and well being
- find solutions to specific issues faced by groups and communities
- aims to APPLY knowledge to create positive change
- may use multiple theories and strategies
Basic/pure psych
understanding theories and principles of underlying human behaviour and mental processes
- seeks to answer why and how questions
- relies on scientific research in controlled lab settings, inclusive of experiments and observational studies
- outcome is to develop theories to explain phenomena
roles of applied psychologists
research, evaluations, social activism, consultation and change, policy advice, management of organisations
List and describe descriptive research methods
Observations
surveys
interviews
focus groups
epidemiological studies
List and describe manipulative research methods
Experiments
Quasi experiments
randomised trials
interventions
External validity and generalisability
will findings be true and generalisable to other circumstances?
- context - what conditions might lead to different results
- limitations of lab work - may not reflect real world situations
what is WEIRD?
Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic
used to describe the limited diversity in research participant samples - problem as findings may not be as generalisable to other people within the population
reliability
consistency and stability of measure
- is it dependable
validity
accuracy of measurement
- does the measure truly assess what it intends to measure
statistical vs practical significance
Statistical significance indicates that a result is unlikely due to chance, while practical significance assesses the real-world impact and importance of that result
What can poorly designed research lead to?
Inappropriate conclusions like false positives or false negatives.
what is a false positive
says intervention works, but it doesn’t
true positive
says intervention works, and it does
false negative
says research doesn’t work, but it actually does
true negative
says intervention doesn’t work, and it doesn’t work
What is a Type I error in research?
claiming effect that is not there
A Type I error (false positive) occurs when research shows an effect, but the intervention actually doesn’t work.
What is a Type II error in research?
missing an effect that is there
A Type II error (false negative) occurs when research shows no effect, but the intervention actually works.
