autoantibodies/chromosomes etc to memorise Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
vasculitis autoantibodies
A
ANCA (p-ANCA, c-ANCA)
2
Q
blood test for ventricle failure
A
NT-proBNP (Natriuretic peptide) if high = heart failure
3
Q
chromosome for huntingtons
A
4
4
Q
chromosome for haemochromatosis
A
6
5
Q
chromosome for CF
A
7
6
Q
chromosome for wilsons
A
13
7
Q
chromosome for alpha1 antitrypsin
A
14
8
Q
chromosome for downs syndrome
A
21
9
Q
chromosomes in chronic myeloid leukaemia
A
part of 9 breaks off and swaps with part of 22
10
Q
Philadelphia chromosome assoc with?
A
chronic myeloid leukaemia (also 30% adults with ALL)
11
Q
hypersensitivity reaction pneumonitis?
A
type 3
12
Q
hypersensitivity reaction anaphylaxis?
A
type 1
13
Q
hypersensitivity reaction blood transfusion
A
type 1
14
Q
hypersensitivity reaction haemolytic anaemia
A
type 2
15
Q
hypersensitivity reaction goodpastures
A
type 2
16
Q
hypersensitivity reaction SLE
A
type 3
17
Q
hypersensitivity reaction contact dermatitis
A
type 4
18
Q
hypersensitivity reaction TB
A
type 4
19
Q
hypersensitivity reaction RA
A
type 3
20
Q
hypersensitivity reaction MS
A
type 4
21
Q
hypersensitivity reaction graft rejections
A
type 4
22
Q
mantoux test
A
test for previous TB infection - using tuberculin (not live tb bacteria)
23
Q
interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
A
blood sample is mixed with antigens - WBC will release immunoglobulins if previous TB infection
24
Q
type 1 resp fail
A
normal PCO2, low PO2
25
type 2 resp fail
```
high PCO2 (= low ph), low PO2
retaining CO2 so obstruction in lungs, resp acidosis
```
26
presence of increased bicarb in type 2 resp fail
means chronically high co2
27
gene for CF
CFTR - codes for cellular Cl- channels
28
gold test for CF
sweat test using electrodes - test for Cl- conc >60mmol/L
29
mutation in CF
F508
30
leads for inferior heart wall
II, III, aVF
31
leads for septum of heart
V1, V2
32
leads for anterior heart wall
V3, V4
33
leads for lateral wall
V5, V6, I, aVL, aVR
34
tachycardia = ?
>100bpm
35
bradycardia = ?
<60bpm
36
breast cancer genes
BRCA1, BRCA2
37
breast cancer targeted therapy drug aims for which gene
HER2
38
normal vs prediab vs diab values for hba1c, fasting gluc and oral gluc tol
diab: >6.5, >126, >200
prediab: 5.7-6.4, 100-125, 140-199
norm: 5.7, <99, <139
39
lachman's test
test anterior cruciate ligament in knee exam
40
SLE autoantibodies
anti nuclear antibodies
| dsDNA
41
RA autoantibodies
```
rheumatoid factor (sensitive but not specific)
anti-CCP (specific - poor prog)
```
42
sjorgrens autoantibodies
anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) antibodies, (rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibodies)
43
graves disease autoantibody
thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb)
44
coeliacs autoantibodies
```
tissue transglutaminase (tTG) - more specific
Endomysial antibodies (EMAs)
```
(IgA - if def in this then may be low due to that hence coeliacs not detected. need to do further IgA level test. if def then test for IgG version of anti-TTG)
45
coeliacs genes
HLA-DQ2 gene (90%)
| HLA-DQ8 gene
46
coeliacs biopsy shows
crypt hypertrophy, Villous atrophy
47
goodpastures autoantibody
circulating antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) autoantibodies.
48
cell found in hodgkins lymphoma
reed-sternberg (abnormal lymphocytes with more than one nucleus)
49
denatured haemoglobin name in G6PD def
heinz bodies
50
cells formed in G6PD def
bite cells
51
autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis
Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) and anti-Scl-70 antibodies
52
autoantibodies for primary biliary cirrhosis
antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
53
autoantibodies dermatomyositis
Anti–Mi-2 antibodies and ANA
54
autoantibodies myositis
anti-jo-1
55
autoantibodies Churg-Strauss syndrome
| Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
p-anca
56
genetic associations RA
HLA DR1, HLA DR4
57
gout crystals
monosodium urate
| needle shaped, strong -ve birefringence, yellow
58
pseudogout crystals
calcium pyrophosphate
| rod shaped, weak +ve birefringence, blue
59
gene for seronegative spondyloarthropathies
HLA B27
60
test for gout/pseudogout
Polarised light microscopy
61
test for septic arthritis
urgent joint aspiration - Fluid will be opaque / thick / pussy due to high WCC
62
wilson's disease eye presentation
kayser-fleischer rings - copper deposits in Descemet's corneal membrane
assessed using slit lamp exam
63
serum test for wilsons
caeruloplasmin level below 10
64
copper-binding protein (wilsons)
ATP7B
65
MS destroys which cells?
ogliodendrocytes
66
autoantibodies for pernicious anaemia
anti-peritoneal antibody
67
histo change in barrets oesophagus
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the lower oesophagus becomes non-ciliated columnar epithelium
68
pain in appendicitis
umbilical pain radiating to mcburneys point (1/3 distance from umbilicus towards anterior superior iliac spine)
69
upper GI endoscopy biopsy findings for gastric cancer
signet ring cells
70
supraclavicular node in gastric cancer
virchow's node
71
periumbilical node in gastric cancer
sister mary joseph node
72
gene mutation for lynch syndrome
MLHL, MSH2
| Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer - autosomal dominant
73
cells present in crohn's
goblet cells, non-caseating granulomas
74
test for UC
calprotectin
75
most common area for peptic ulcer
left gastric artery perf
| - pain after eating
76
most common area for duodenal ulcer
duodenal artery perf
| - pain relieved by eating
77
gold invest for achalasia
oesophageal manometry
78
exclude ectopic (or any) pregnancy with...
urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hcG)
79
anti emetic for gastroenteritis
5HT-3 receptor antagonist (serotonin recep in brainstem, peripheral serotonin recep in vagus nerve)
80
malformation of distal ileum
Meckel's diverticulum
81
uric acid stones on xray
radiolucent
82
investigation of renal stones if pregnant or young
ultrasound
83
allergic reaction from beta lactam?
hypersensitivity
84
allergic reaction from gentamicin
accumulates in the kidneys and causes toxicity secondary to acute tubular necrosis
85
zone of prostate affected by cancer
peripheral
86
zone of prostate affected by BPH
transitional
87
nerve and muscle to retain urine
hypogastric nerves (T12 – L2). Causes relaxation of the detrusor muscle
88
nerve and muscle to stimulate urination
pelvic nerve (S2-S4). causes contraction of the detrusor muscle
89
nerve and muscle to voluntarily control urination
pudendal nerve (S2-4). innervates external urethral sphincter
90
value for hyperkalaemia
5.5+
91
most common type of renal stone
calcium oxalate (advise low sodium diet, more calcium, eat less spinach, chocolate, rhubarb, tea, sweet potato)
92
size of small kidney stone (no med intervention)
<5mm
93
investigate suspected angina
ECG
| CT coronary angiogram
94
hallmark of malignant hypertension
rapid rise in BP leading to vascular damage= fibroid necrosis
95
test for hypertensive retinopathy
fundoscopy
96
threshold for clinical hypertension
140/90mmHg
| 160 = high risk, 180 = severe
97
threshold for home hypertension
135/85mmHg
| 150 = high risk
98
sound for aortic stenosis
Crescendo-decrescendo Ejection Systolic Murmur
99
sound for aortic regurgitation
High-Pitched “Blowing” Early Diastolic Decrescendo Murmur
100
sound for mitral stenosis
Opening Snap then Delayed Rumbling Mid-Diastolic Murmur
101
sound for mitral regurgitation
Pansystolic High-Pitched “Blowing Murmur”
102
atrial regurg treat
ACE-i
103
mitral sten treat
af rate control bet blocker and atnicoagulate
| diuretics
