random associated disorders and meds to memorise Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
ulcerative colitis - assoc condition and 1st line med
A
primary sclerosing cholangitis
5-aminosalicylate eg. mesalazine !
enema or suppositories if very distal
2
Q
high ICP treat
A
iv mannitol - extra and subdural haemorrhages
craniectomy clot evacuation
3
Q
myasthenia gravis assoc condition
A
thymoma
4
Q
subarachnoid haemorrhage assoc condition
A
polycystic kidneys
ruptured berry aneurysm
sickle cell
symptoms of meningitis but no fever
5
Q
treat migraine
A
sumatriptan
6
Q
drug that causes anaphylaxis
A
flucloxacillin
7
Q
guillian barre syndrome has huge risk of? avoid by?
A
PE - so give LMWH
8
Q
papilledema assoc with…
A
increased ICP
9
Q
frontal seizure
A
jacksonian march, post ictal todds paralysis
10
Q
temporal seizure
A
lipsmacking, chewing, fiddling
11
Q
primary pulmonary HPN med
A
IV Prostanoids (expand blood vessels)
12
Q
CF common infection and prophylactic treatment?
A
pneumonia =
pseudomonas
staph aureus
treat - flucloxacillin
13
Q
virus that causes bronchiolitis
A
respiratory syncytial virus
14
Q
diabetes MI
A
no chest pain but other symptoms eg. nausea, sweating, SOB
15
Q
meds for depression
A
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (least SA) - citalopram
tricyclic antidepressants (most SA) block reuptake of serotonin AND norepinephrine
serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhib (middle SA)
CBT
IPT
16
Q
which contraception when post preg?
A
lactational amenorrhea method
implant (iud, ius) within 48hrs or 4 weeks later
progest only pill
if not breastfeed = combined pill, vaginal ring, contracep patch (risk of blood clots, contain oestrogen which is bad when breastfeeding)
17
Q
side effects of opioids
A
sleep apnoea, addiction, nausea/vom, constipation, sedation, ineffective ventilation
18
Q
coeliacs assoc
A
Type 1 Diabetes Thyroid disease Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis
19
Q
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treatment
A
Ibrutinib, rituximab
20
Q
chronic myeloid leukaemia treatment
A
Imatinib
21
Q
hemolytic anemia G6PD-deficiency can develop following…
A
eating fava beans
22
Q
combination treatment for hodgkins lymphoma
A
ABVD chemo
23
Q
combination treatment for non- hodgkins lymphoma
A
CHOP chemo
24
Q
TIA treat to prevent stroke
A
2 weeks of 300mg aspirin
then 75mg clopidogrel daily
25
treat subarachnoid haemorrhage
nimodipine for 3 weeks
26
what to take with TB drugs to prevent peripheral neuropathy
pyridoxine (vit B6)
27
FBC RA results
normochromic normocytic anaemia
28
pain management for RA
NSAIDs, COX inhib, corticosteroids
29
gold standard for RA (se and taken with?) also used for PA
DMARDs - disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
gold = methotrexate
taken with folic acid on diff day
SE- pul fibrosis, teratogenic (abnormal foetal development)
30
biological therapies for RA and PA
anti-tnf: adalimunab, infliximab
| anti-CD20 - rituximab
31
acute attack of gout meds
1- nsaids
2- colchicine
3- coticosteroids
32
prophylaxis for gout
allopurinol - xanthine oxidase inhibitor (start 1 month after acute attack)
33
xray appearance diagnostic for pseudogout
Chondrocalcinosis
34
treat osteoporosis (se and function)
Bisphosphonates - alendronic acid
Decrease osteoclast activity
Side effects = reflux and oesophageal erosions
35
xray appearance of ankylosing spondylitis
bamboo spine
36
xray appearance for psoriatic arthritis
erosive changes = pencil in cup deformity
37
empirical treatment for septic arthritis
IV flucloxacillin + Rifampicin
38
SLE assoc conditions
Antiphospholipid syndrome (causes increased risk of clots)
Reynaud's phenomenon
Recurrent miscarriages
Coagulation defects
39
first line med SLE
Hydroxychloroquine
40
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing onion skin appearance
ewings sarcoma
<30
pelvis/femur
41
bone cancer name, age for xray showing skull/spine tumour
Chordoma
| >50
42
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing sunray spiculations
osteosarcoma
10-25
knee
43
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing popcorn calcifications
chondrosarcoma
>50
pelvis
44
copper chelation meds
penicillamine
| trientine
45
A1AD assoc conditions
bronchiectasis
emphysema
liver cirrhosis
46
acute MS treatment
methylprednisolone
47
treatment for MND
Antiglutametergic drugs eg riluzole
48
treament for longterm MS
DMARDS eg. beta interferon
49
treat spasticity
baclofen
50
treat chorea in huntingtons
benzodiazepines
51
treat parkinsons
Co-careldopa/levodopa
52
treat giant cell arteritis
IV prednisolone immediately to prevent sight loss
53
giant cell arteritis assoc condition
polymyalgia rheumatica
54
osteoporosis prophylaxis
bisphosphonates
55
gastric ulcer protection
PPI - omeprazole
56
treat trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine (not analgesics !!)
57
treat cluster headache and prevention?
100% o2, SC sumitriptan
prevent - verapamil (Ca2+ channel blocker)
58
treat migraine and prevent?
sumaptriptan
| prevent with beta blocker eg. propranolol
59
treat epileptic fit after 3 min seizure
IV diazepam
| IV phenytoin if still fitting after
60
primary generalised anti-epileptic
sodium valproate
61
partial seizure anti-epileptic
carbamazepine
62
status epilepticus treat
2 doses of a benzodiazepine eg lorazepam. Then anti-epileptic drugs eg IV valproate
63
main cause of temporal lobe epilepsy
hippocampal sclerosis
64
1st line immediate management for stroke
| if CI or after time frame?
thrombolysis given within 4.5hrs of onset
if not then thrombectomy
65
MND overlaps with which condition
frontotemporal dementia
66
what makes MND diff from MS and MG
no sensory loss
| no affected eye movements
67
raised ICP may lead to...
coning so LP contraindicated
68
treat viral meningitis or encephalitis
aciclovir
69
treat bacterial meningitis
In community – urgent injection of benzylpenicillin + transfer to hospital
In hospital – treat empirically immediately - IV ceftriaxone
70
test for carpal tunnel
phalens test
71
treat meningitis
IV cefotaxime
72
drug given to close contacts of meningitis
oral ciprofloxacin
73
induce remission in crohns
| maintain remission crohns
prednisolone
+ DMARDS eg. azathoprine
azathioprine
2nd methotrexate
74
treat diarrhoea in IBS
loperamide
75
1st, 2nd line treat GORD
omeprazole
| H2 receptor antagonist eg. ranitidine
76
treat barrets oesophagus
PPI
Endoscopic ablation with photodynamic therapy, laser therapy or cryotherapy
Surgical resection
77
causes of peptic ulcers
nsaids, helicobacter pylori, increased acid production as a result of caffeine, alcohol, spicy food
78
triple therapy for H.pylori
omeprazole
amoxicillin
clarithromycin
79
3 tests for h.pylori
urea breath test
stool antigen test
rapid urease test
80
treat diverticulitis
iv co-amoxiclav
81
cause of small bowel obstructions
adhesions, hernias
82
cause of large bowel obstruction
malignancy, volvulus, intussusception
83
treat anal fistula
Surgical : fistulotomy & excision
| Drain abscess + Abx if infection
84
treat anal fissure
Lifestyle : increased fibre and fluids
Simple analgesia
GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) ointment if symptoms don’t improve
85
treat haemorrhoids
1st line -> Topical creams
2nd line -> rubber band ligation
3rd line = haemorrhoidectomy
86
UC 2nd line and 3rd line if severe
oral prednisolone
IV fluids, IV steroids eg. hydrocortisone
rescue therapy - ciclosporin
colectomy last resort
87
1st and 2nd crohns treat
prednisolone
| azathioprine immunosuppressant or methotrexate
88
achalasia on xray and CT
xray - bird beak pattern
| CT (gold) - widened mediastinum with fluid
89
2 drugs that cause postural hypotension
tamsulosin (bph)
| furosemide (hpn) - loops diuretic so avoided in CKD
90
first and gold investigation for renal stones
NCCT-KUB (high sens and spec) gold
| 1st KUB xray not as sens, cannot view pure uric acid stones as radiolucent
91
urti 1-2 days prior + puffy, lack of urination, protein and blood in urine
IgA nephropathy
92
urti 1-2 weeks prior + puffy, lack of urination, protein and blood in urine
Post strep glomerulonephritis
93
common childhood malignancy presenting with abdominal mass
Wilms’ nephroblastoma
94
cancer assoc with schistosomiasis
squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
95
most common type of bladder cancer
urothelial carcinoma
96
test for chalmid or gonorrhoea
nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT testing), charcoal swab (gon)
97
usual antib for epididymo-orchitis
Ofloxacin (usually first-line) for 14 days
98
med for chlamydia
doxycycline, CI in pregnancy so use Azithromycin, Erythromycin or Amoxicillin
99
most common cause pyelonephritis and 1st medication
e.coli
cefalexin
(coamoxiclav)
100
most common type of testicular cancer and serum sign
germ cell tumour
| elevated alpha fetoprotein, excess HCG/oestrogen, gynaecomastia
101
surgery for BPH
transurethral resection of prostate
| transurethral incision of the prostate
102
alternative UTI treatment during pregnancy
| severe med?
Pivmecillinam
Amoxicillin
Cefalexin
severe: IV gentamicin
103
angina treat - symptomatic relief and antianginal meds
GTN spray
| - beta blocker (bisoprolol) or rate limiting CCB (verapamil)
104
angina treat for risk factors
aspirin
statin - simvastatin (high dose in unstable - atorvastatin)
ACE-I
105
angina intervention (2)
percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI)
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
106
drugs to reduce cardiovascular events (eg. in angina)
Antiplatelet agents: Aspirin and Clopidogrel
| Anti-coagulants: LMWH
107
STEMI treatment with 12hrs nset
1. 300mg aspirin
2. PCI if possible within first 2hrs of onset + GPIIb/IIIa (e.g. tirofiban) with heparin
3. If not then give thrombolysis/fibrinolysis (alteplase)
108
NSTEMI treat
1. 300mg aspirin
2. based on risk:
- low = ticagrelor
- high = PCI
109
symptomatic treatment for acute cardiac failure
loop diuretics - furosemide
110
disease-altering treatment for cardiac failure
1st - ACE-I (lisinopril) and beta blocker (bisoprolol)
2nd - aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone, eplerenone when long term)
3rd - ivabradine
111
management of chronic cardiac failure
ACE-I (ramipril)
Atenolol (beta blocker)
Amlodipine (ccb)
Aldosterone antagonist (diuretic)
112
most common cause of cor pulmonale
COPD
| others: PE, ILD, CF, PPH
