gp bits

Question 1

wheeze - continuous coarse whistling sound in airways indicates

Answer 1

asthma copd bronchiectasis

Question 2

coarse crackles in lungs indicates

Answer 2

pneumonia bronchiectasis pul oedema

Question 3

find end inspiratory crackles indicates

Answer 3

pul fibrosis

Question 4

stridor indicates

Answer 4

foreign body inhalation

Question 5

drug that can cause a cough

Answer 5

ACE-i

Question 6

ssri??

Answer 6

selective serotonin reuptake inhib
citalopram, dapoxetine
fluoxetine
long half life so safer to suddenly stop

Question 7

tcas??

Answer 7

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
amitriptyline, nortriptyline
no longer first choice as dangerous in overdose and have bad side effects

Question 8

snri?

Answer 8

Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

duloxetine, venlafaxine

Question 9

NASSAs???

Answer 9

Noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs)
thought to cause fewer sexual problems
mirtazapine

Question 10

antibodies RF for T1DM

Answer 10

islet cell antibodies, antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65), insulin autoantibodies, and IA-2A, to protein tyrosine phosphatase

Question 11

diabetes assoc conditions in women

Answer 11

polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes

gave birth to high weight baby

Question 12

metformin method of action

Answer 12

inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Decrease blood glucose.

Question 13

comps of diabetes

Answer 13

neuropathy - toes fingers
cardiovasc disease - stroke, HA, angina, atherosclerosis
nephropathy
retinopathy
foot damage
bacterial/fungal infections of skin

Question 14

annual diabetes check

Answer 14

foot exam- for loss of sensation, ulcers, infections
eye exam - fundoscopy
BP and signs of kidney disease

Question 15

increase/decrease risk of RA in women

Answer 15

women more likely to have it
Women who have never given birth may be at greater risk of
developing RA
Women who have breastfed their infants have a decreased risk of developing
RA

Question 16

what is RA basic

Answer 16

inflammation of the synovial

joints, periarticular tissue destruction

Question 17

management of rheumatoid arthritis including medication,

surgery, physical therapy, mental health support

Answer 17

DMARD - methotrexate
JAK inhib
adalimumab, steroids, NSAIDs,
physiotherapy
occupational therapy
surgery- carpal tunnel release, release tendons in fingers to treat abnormal bending
removed inflamed tissue
joint replacement

Question 18

LUTS presenting complaint

Answer 18

 Dysuria: typically associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), including sexually transmitted
infections (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea).
 Urinary frequency: commonly associated with UTIs.
 Urinary urgency: may be associated with UTIs or detrusor instability.
 Nocturia: associated with UTIs and prostate enlargement (e.g. benign prostatic hyperplasia).
 Haematuria: associated with UTIs, trauma (e.g. catheter insertion) and renal tract cancers
(e.g. bladder cancer, renal cancer).
 Urinary hesitancy, terminal dribbling and poor urinary stream: associated with enlargement
of the prostate (e.g. prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia).
 Urinary incontinence: associated with a wide range of pathology including UTIs, detrusor
instability and spinal cord compression (e.g. cauda equina syndrome).
 Fevers and rigors: typically associated with pyelonephritis.
 Nausea and vomiting: typically associated with pyelonephritis.
 Weight loss: associated with malignancy and uraemia.
 Uraemic symptoms: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, muscle cramps, pruritis
and confusion.

Question 19

autoimmune conditions that may predispose patient to renal disease

Answer 19

SLE, scleroderma

Question 20

nephrotoxic meds

Answer 20

NSAIDs (eg. ibuprofen. naproxen.) ACE inhibitors (eg. Benazepril, lisinopril) and angiotensin
II receptor blockers. (eg. Azilsartan)

Question 21

tests for LUTS

Answer 21

MSU (presence of microorganisms, haematuria, proteinuria - infection or AKI?), urinalysis (microscopic or dip test. Looks at contents of urine. is it red for blood? Foam can be a sign of kidney disease, while cloudy urine may mean you have an
infection. crystals -clumps of minerals, a possible sign of kidney stones), relevant blood tests, PSA

Question 22

why ‘midstream’ urine test?

Answer 22

reduces the risk of the sample being contaminated with bacteria from: your hands. the skin around the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body

Question 23

what can a dipstick test look for

Answer 23

acidity - ph
protein
glucose
wbc
nitrites
bilirubin

Question 24

lifestyle changes to reduce/manage BPH

Answer 24

less fizzy drinks less alcohol less caffeine
reduce fluids in evening
double voiding
eat more fibre - prevent constip putting pressure on bladder
absorbent pads
bladder training

Question 25

drugs for BPH

Answer 25

Alpha blockers relax the muscle in your prostate gland (tamsulosin) Anticholinergics relax the bladder muscle if it's overactive (oxybutynin) 5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland if it's enlarged (finasteride) diuretics in day, desmopressins at night

Question 26

BHP rf

Answer 26

diabetes age obesity diet high in sat fat

Question 27

common diarrhoea in diff ages

Answer 27

children - rotavirus | adult - norovirus

Question 28

define functional symptom

Answer 28

Functional symptoms are physical symptoms without an obvious physical cause

Question 29

manage IBS

Answer 29

``` food diary to identify trigger relax - reduce stress exercise probiotics homemade meals with fresh ingred low FODMAP diet eg avoid of:fruit and vegetables, milk, wheat products. amitriptyline citalopram CBT ```