Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

phase 2a pain > haem stuff to memorise > Flashcards

haem stuff to memorise Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

microcytic anaemia mnemonic

A 
(low MCV, small RBC)
Thalassaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Iron def anaemia
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normocytic anaemia mnemonic

A 
(normal MCV, normal RBC)
Anaemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anaemia
Acute blood loss
Hypothyroidism
Haemolytic anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of macrocytic, megaloblastic

A

(impaired DNA synth - cannot divide so keeps growing into large abnormal cell)
B12/folate def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

causes of macrocytic, normoblastic

A

alcohol, reticulocytosis, hypothyroidism, azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal haemoglobin, normal MCV

A

120-165, 130-180 men

80-100 both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs of iron def

A

pica, hair loss, angular cheilitis, spoon shaped nails, atrophic glossitis, brittle hair/nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

key sign for each: thalassaemia, CKD, haemolytic

A

thal - bone deformities
CKD - oedema, hypertension
haem - jaundice, splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

genetic patterns for thalassaemia, sickle cell, G6PD def, hereditary spherocytosis/elliptocytosis, von willebrand dis, haemophilia

A

thal - auto recess, sickle - auto recess, G6PD - X linked, hered sph - auto dom, vwf - auto dom, haemo - x linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chromosomes for alpha and beta thal

A

alpha - 16

beta - 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thal minor vs thal intermedia vs thal major?

A

1 norm 1 abnorm
2 abnorm
2 deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

genetics of sickle cell

A

abnormal beta-globin gene on chrom 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prophylaxis for sickle cell

A

penicllin V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

drug that stimulates prod of what in sickle cell

A

hydroxycarbamide - stim prod of HbF (protective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 types of sickle cell crisis

A

vaso-occlusive (distal ischaemia)
splenic sequestration (RBC block flow in spleen)
aplastic (parvovirus 19, no RBC made)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treat sickle cell crises

A

keep warm, hydrate, treat infection, penile aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diagnose sickle cell, thalassaemia

A

haemoglobin electrophoresis, screened at preg (dna test in thal, heel prick in sickle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diagnose g6pd def

A

enzyme assay (defect on enzyme that is usually protective against reactive oxygen species)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

meds to avoid in g6pd

A 
primaquine
ciprofloxacin
nitrofurantoin
trimethoprim
sulfasalazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is iron absorbed

A

duodenum jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

drug that reduces iron absorption

A

PPI (crohns and coeliac also has this effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if no clear cause of iron def then what management?

A

gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 types of treatment for iron def

A
  1. blood trans correct anaemia but not cause
  2. iron infusion eg. cosmofer (risk of anaphylaxis)
  3. oral iron eg. ferrous sulphate (can feed bacteria in sepsis, constip and black stool)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

haemolytic anaemia on blood film? test for autoimmune

A

spherocytes

direct coombs test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

general tests for anaemia

A 
haem level
mcv
b12/folate 
ferritin (TIBC marker for transferrin)
blood film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
treat hered spherocytosis, elliptocytosis
folate suppl splenectomy cholecystectomy
26
temps for warm/cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia | manage
warm - normal, idiopathic cold - under 10 degrees, agglutination manage both with transfusions, steroid, rituximab splenectomy
27
paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
mutation causes complement cascade to be activated = red urine in morning treat - eculizumab targets C5
28
alloimmune haemolytic anaemia
disease of newborn | antib cross placenta causing immune resp
29
causes of pernicious anaemia
b12 def | insuf diet intake
30
signs of pern anaem
``` low mood peripheral neuropathy pins and needles less proprioception visual changes lemon yellow skin ```
31
antib in pern anaem
intrinsic factor antibod | gastric parietal cell antibod
32
why treat b12 before folate in pern anaem
subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
33
treat dietary insuf cause of pern anaem
cyanocobalamin
34
treat autoimmune cause of pern anaem
IM hydroxocobalamin
35
most toxic, dormant species of malaria
plasmodium falciparum | plas ovale & vivax
36
4 stages of malaria
sporozoites, hypnozoites (dorm), merozoites (mature), RBC rupture releasing more
37
invest malaria
blood film in EDTA bottle - 3 samples over 3 days bc 48hrs regen
38
uncomplicated oral treatment malaria
riamet malarone quinine sulphate doxycycline
39
complicated/severe malaria treat
1. IV artesunate | 2. Quinine dihydrochloride
40
malaria prophyl and side effects
malarone doxycycline - sun and take longer mefloquine - hallucinations, seizures
41
hodgkins lymph RF
fam hist EBV HIV autoimmune cond
42
large lymph nodes, non-tender | pain after alcohol
hodgkins lymphoma
43
treat hodgkins and diag test
ABVD chemo, lymph node biop showing reed sternberg cells
44
mutation in JAK2 indicates which dis and what may it lead to
polycythaemia vera - prolif of erythroid cell, can become AML, myelofibrosis hepatosplenomegaly from rbc being produced there to compensate
45
treat polycythaemia vera
1st venesection | aspirin and chemo
46
ALL pres, assoc, key bits
child downs syn blast cells
47
CLL pres, assoc, key bits
``` warm autoimmune haem anaem can become high grade lymph = richters trans smear/smudge cells treat with rituximab most common in adults ```
48
CML pres, assoc, key bits
chronic phase (5yrs) accelerated phase blast phase - worse symptoms philadelph chrom 9:22 translocation
49
AML pres, assoc, key bits
most common acute in adults polycythaemia ruby vera becomes AML blast cells - auer rods
50
define pancytopenia
anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
51
tumour lysis syndrome cause and treat
release of uric acid during chemo - crystals in interstitial tissue and tubules of kidney = aki treat with allopurinol, rasburicase monitor calcium phosphate potass
52
treat vW dis
desmopressin vWF infused clot factor 8 heavy period - tranexamic acid
53
presentation of haemophilia and their factors
haem a - factor 8 haem b - factor 9 severe bleeding, haematoma, umbilical cord, intercran haemorrhage, bleed into joints and muscles
54
invest haemophilia
coag factor assay bleeding score gen testing
55
treat hameophilia
intraven infusion = clotting factors replaced but can develop antib against them desmopressin to stim release of vwf
56
5 features of myeloma mnemonic
``` OLD Calcium (elevated) Renal failure Anaemia (normocytic, normochromic) from replacement of bone marrow. Bone lesions/pain ```
57
myeloma?
cancer of plasma b cells - produce immunoglobulins which infiltrate the bone marrow
58
myeloma antib protein?
bence jones protein
59
myeloma rf
black, old, male, fma hist, obese
60
4 initial tests when suspect myeloma | if posi then what?
``` FBC (low white blood cell count in myeloma) Calcium (raised in myeloma) ESR (raised in myeloma) Plasma viscosity (raised in myeloma) ``` posi = urgent serum protein electrophoresis and a urine Bence-Jones protein test
61
4 initial invest for myeloma mnemonic
B – Bence–Jones protein (request urine electrophoresis) L – Serum‑free Light‑chain assay I – Serum Immunoglobulins P – Serum Protein electrophoresis then whole body mri (skeletal survey if they cant hack it)
62
signs on xray for myeloma
Punched out lesions Lytic lesions “Raindrop skull”
63
first line treat myeloma
chemo with: Bortezomid Thalidomide Dexamethasone - high risk of develop thrombus so also need venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
64
improve bone comp in myeloma?
bisphosphonates - suppress osteoclast activity. Radiotherapy to bone lesions can improve bone pain. Orthopaedic surgery can stabilise bones Cement augmentation - injecting cement into vertebral fractures or lesions to stabilise
65
complications of myeloma
``` Infection Pain Renal failure Anaemia Hypercalcaemia Peripheral neuropathy Spinal cord compression Hyperviscocity ```
66
treat immune thrombocytopenic purpura
prednisolone iv immunoglobulins rituximab splenectomy
67
treat thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
prednisolone rituximab plasma exchange
68
which protein impairment in TTP
ADAMTS 13 cannot inactivate vWF so extra platelet adhesion
69
define thrombocytopenia and causes
low platelet count | itp, ttp, hit, sodium valproate, alcohol
70
describe heparin induced thrombocytopenia
antib against platelets develop in response to heparin anti PF4/heparin antib swap to diff anticoag!!

phase 2a pain (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions