Autoimmune Disease

Question 1

Addison’s Disease

Answer 1

often caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex

Question 2

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 2

chronic, painful, progressive inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine & sacroiliac joints, causing eventual fusion of the spine

Question 3

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 3

often caused by autoimmune attack on bone marrow

Question 4

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Answer 4

disorder in which the liver is the target of the body’s own immune system

Question 5

Celiac Disease

Answer 5

disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the proximal portion of the small intestine caused by exposure to certain dietary gluten proteins

Question 6

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 6

form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract; major Sx include abdominal pain & diarrhea

Question 7

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 7

when it is characterized by a deficiency or absence of insulin production (type 1), is often the consequence of an autoimmune attack on the insulin producing beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Question 8

Grave’s Disease

Answer 8

the most common form of hyperthyroidism, & is caused by anti-thyroid antibodies that have the effect of stimulating (agonist) the thyroid into overproduction of thyroid hormone

Question 9

Guillan Barre Syndrom (GBS)

Answer 9

an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a.k.a. acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, acute idiopathic polyneuritis & Landry’s ascending paralysis

Question 10

Hashimoto’s Disease

Answer 10

common form of hypothyroidism, characterized by initial inflammation of the thyroid, & later, dysfunction & goiter; there are several characteristic antibodies (e.g. anti-thyroglobulin

Question 11

Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 11

chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disease in which the immune system, for unknown reasons, becomes hyperactive and attacks normal tissue; this attack results n inflammation & brings about symptoms; this is a “non-organ-specific” type of autoimmune disease

Question 12

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 12

disorder of the central nervous system characterized by decreased nerve function d/t myelin loss & secondary axonal damage

Question 13

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 13

a disorder of neuromuscular transmission leading to fluctuating weakness & fatigue; weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

Question 14

Optic Neuritis

Answer 14

an inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision

Question 15

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 15

an autoimmune disorder characterized by anemia d/t malabsorption of it B12

Question 16

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 16

an autoimmune disorder that causes the body’s immune system to attack the bone joints

Question 17

Reiter’s Syndrome

Answer 17

seems to be an autoimmune attack on various body systems in response to bacterial infection & the body’s confusion over the HLA-B27 marker

Question 18

Sjogren’s Syndrome

Answer 18

an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack & destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears & saliva