Nervous System & Mental Fxn Flashcards

0
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

Secondary Signs & Symtoms

A
  • dementia
  • vital capacity declines
  • poorly localized pain
  • paresthesia
  • ¡ autonomic control
  • sweating
  • drooling (sialorrhea) d/t abnormal swallowing
  • loss of volume & emotion in voice
  • inability to stay asleep
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1
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

Primary Signs & Symptoms

A
  • vague unilateral weakness
  • muscular rigidity
  • resting tremor (pill rolling)
  • bradykinesia > akinesia
  • cogwell rigidity
  • impaired postural reflexes (loss of balance); disturbance of spacial organization, dependence on visual input for balance
  • tight facial appearance (parkinsonian mask)
  • cognitive decline
  • depression / panic attacks
  • gait abnormalities: ¡ step length & arm swing, festination of gait (inability to stop)
  • micrographia (handwriting becomes small)
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2
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Onset: 13-35 y.o; women > men by 2:1
• disease of temperate climate - highest incidence: born in latitudes of 40º-45º; possible genetic risk
• most common location of early lesions are sensory (numbness), pyramidal (LE weakness), cerebellar (double vision, vertigo) & visual pathways (blurred vision, loss of vision in one eye)
•sclerotic plaques disseminate through the brain & spinal cord
• presentation is highly variable; the # of exacerbations per yr is directly related to progression of disease; the younger the onset the better the prognosis

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3
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

Signs & Symptoms

A
  • intermittent unilateral vision impairment (blurring, diplopia)
  • paresthesias • ataxia • vertigo •fatigue •extremity weakness
  • box & block test score changes
  • reports sensation of compression around a limb • hyper-reflexia
  • (+) Babinski • dysmetria
  • Lhermitte’s sign: electric sensation down back w/ neck flexion
  • sensitivity to temp changes • low back pain 2º to trunk hypotonia
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4
Q

MS Classification

Type : Manifestation

A

relapsing remitting : episode followed by recovery
secondary progressive : steadily progressive pattern
primary progressive : steady decline from onset
progressive relapsing : progressive disease w/ exacerbation

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5
Q

Acute HA : etiology

A

trauma, infection, impending CVA

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6
Q

Chronic HA : etiology

A

eye strain, ETOH, inadequate ventilation

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7
Q

Severe & Intense HA : etiology

A

meningitis, aneurysm, brain tumor

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8
Q

Throbbing / Pulsating HA : etiology

A

migraine, fever, hypertension, aortic insufficiency

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9
Q

Constant HA : etiology

A

muscle contraction / guarding

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10
Q

AM pain HA : etiology

A

sinusitis (w/ discharge), ETOH, hypertension, sleeping position

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11
Q

Afternoon pain HA : etiology

A

eye strain, muscle tension

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12
Q

Night pain HA : etiology

A

intracranial disease, nephritis

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13
Q

Forehead HA : etiology

A

sinusitis, nephritis

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14
Q

Temporal HA : etiology

A

eye / ear Sx, migraine

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15
Q

Occipital HA : etiology

A

herniated disk, eye strain, hypertension

16
Q

Parietal HA : etiology

A

meningitis, constipation, tumor

17
Q

Face HA : etiology

A

sinusitis, trigeminal neuralgia, dental Sx, tumor

18
Q

Stabbing pain HA : etiology

A

w/ ear fullness, tinnitus, vertigo: otitis media

19
Q

Severe pain HA : etiology

A

w/ fever, (+) Kernig’s sign: meningitis

20
Q

Severe, sudden pain HA : etiology

A

w/ ^ BP: subarachnoid hemorrhage

21
Q

Intermittent pain HA : etiology

A

w/ fluctuating consciousness: subdural hematoma

22
Q

Eating Disorders

Anorexia

A
  • under minimal body weight • fear of being fat • freq starving
  • depressed • social withdrawal • insomnia
  • ^ cortisol, serotonin, GH, corticotropin-releasing factor
  • ! LH, FSH, TSH • bradycardia • hypotension • arrhythmias
  • dry skin, dental caries, anemia, osteoporosis
  • lab-hypolemia, ^ BUN, metabolic alkalosis
23
Q

Eating Disorders

Bulimia

A
  • binge eating • self inducing vomiting • laxatives, diuretics
  • excessive exercise • overeating alternating w/ period of starvation
  • fear of fatness • may be obese • erosion of dental enamel
  • seizures • weakness & fatigue
  • lab-metabolic acidosis, ! amylase, hypokalemia, hypomagnesia