Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Na+ ¡

A
  • ketoacidosis
  • diuretic use
  • kidney disease
  • CHF
  • vomiting/diarrhea
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2
Q

Sx of Na+ ¡

A
  • HA, confusion
  • weakness, lethargy
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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3
Q

Causes of Na+ ^

A
  • excess sweating
  • hypothalamic
  • diabetes
  • hyperadrenalism
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4
Q

Sx of Na+ ^

A
  • ^ thirst, oliguria
  • dry, flush skin
  • CNS-agitation
  • ¡ DTRs & BP
  • tachycardia
  • weak, thready pulse
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5
Q

Causes of K+ ¡

A
  • vomiting, diarrhea
  • diuretic use
  • corticosteroid use
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6
Q

Sx of K+ ¡

A
  • muscle cramps, weakness
  • arrhythmia
  • vomiting
  • SoB
  • ^ thirst, polyuria
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7
Q

Causes of K+ ^

A
  • diabetes
  • adrenal insufficiency
  • urinary obstruction
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8
Q

Sx of K+ ^

A
  • muscle cramps, weakness
  • nausea, diarrhea, GI distress
  • ECG changes
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9
Q

Causes of Ca++ ¡

A
  • Vit D deficiency
  • kidney disease
  • hypoparathyroidism
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10
Q

Sx of Ca++ ¡

A
  • paresthesia
  • muscle cramps
  • ^ DTRs (deep tenon reflex)
  • slow mental processing
  • (+) Chvostek test
  • (+) Trousseau test
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11
Q

Causes of Ca++ ^

A
  • hyperparathyroidism
  • metastatic CA
  • multiple myeloma
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12
Q

Sx of Ca++ ^

A
  • muscle weakness, ataxia
  • deep bone pain
  • HTN (hypertension)
  • renal dysfunction
  • AV block on ECG
  • nausea, vomiting, constipation
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13
Q

Sx of Ca++ ^

A
  • muscle weakness, ataxia
  • deep bone pain
  • HTN (hypertension)
  • renal dysfunction
  • AV block on ECG
  • nausea, vomiting, constipation
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14
Q

Causes of P !

A
  • hyperparathyroidism

* dietary

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15
Q

Sx of P ¡

A
  • intention tremor, ataxia
  • paresthesia
  • ¡ DTRs
  • muscle weakness
  • joint stiffness
  • bleeding disorders
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16
Q

Causes of P ^

A
  • hypoparathyroidism
  • hyperthyroidism
  • kidney disease
17
Q

Sx of P ^

A
  • ^ BP
  • ^ cardiac work
  • risk of ¡ bone mineral density
18
Q

Causes of Mg++ ¡

A
  • dietary
  • DM
  • ETOH
19
Q

Sx of Mg++ ¡

A
  • athetoid / choreiform mov’ts
  • (+) Babinski sign
  • nystagmus
  • (+) Chvostek test
  • (+) Trousseau test
  • HTN, tachycardia (arrhythmia)
20
Q

Causes of Mg++ ^

A

• dietary

21
Q

Sx of Mg++ ^

A
  • diarrhea

* nausea