Infections

Question 0

Bacterial Meningitis : Adults

Answer 0

• HA, fever, chills • photophobia • vomiting, nausea • URI symptoms
• seizures in 20-30% of cases • confusion • (+) Kernig sign (hip flexed to 90º, pain w/ knee extension) • (+) Brudzinski sign (supine neck flexion reproduces pain) • stiff neck • sleepiness

Question 1

Bacterial Meningitis : Infants

Answer 1

• fever • lethargy •poor feeding • vomiting • respiratory distress
• apnea • cyanosis • paradoxic irritability (quiet when stationary & cries when held) • seizures in 30-40% of cases • Medical Emergency (esp. in children)

Question 2

Arthritic Changes : OA (Osteoarthritis)

Answer 2

• asymmetrical involvement • large weight bearing joints • loss of joint surface integrity • formation of osteophytes • intra-articular loose bodies • soft tissue contractures • ¡ ROM • stiffness after activity
• deep ache

Question 3

Arthritic Chnges : RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Answer 3

• symmetrical joint swelling • small joints (hands, feet, wrist)
• erythema & fever • intense pain after rest • weight loss, nutritional deficiencies • loss of stamina & weakness • ^ proteolytic enzymes
• enlarged spleen • lymphadenopathy • heart & lung pathology
• joint subluxations • vasculitis • rheumatoid nodules

Question 4

Arthritic Changes : Gout

Answer 4

• affects only a few joints • most common in 1st MTP, knee, wrist
• abrupt onset of severe pain • uric acid crystals in synovial fluid
• ^ freq w/ ^ age • males > females • usually begins @ night
• drug: Allopurinol, etc