Autonomic NS & Drugs Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic ns
A
acetylcholine
2
Q
how to synth. ach
A
acetyl coa + choline
3
Q
Which ion is needed to cause a action potential at a synapse?
A
Na+
4
Q
what does acetylcholine cause
A
- myosis
- salivation
- bradycardia
- branchi bladder constr.
- stimulates GI
- inhibits glucose release
5
Q
primary neurotransmitter of sympathetic NS
A
Noradrenaline(catecholamine)
6
Q
Synth. of NE
A
phenylalanine > tyrosine > dopamine > NE > E
7
Q
What does NE
A
- mydriasis
- slows salivation
- tachycardia
- relaxes bronchi, bladder
- inhibtis GI
- releases Gluc.
8
Q
Which Ach receptor types are there
A
muscarinic, nicotinic
9
Q
Which antagonists inhibit which receptor
A
- MAch - Atropine
- NAch - Curare
10
Q
Name all the direct parasympathomimetics (5)
A
- Ach
- Bethanachol
- Pilocarpine
- Carbacol
- Methacholine
11
Q
Name all the of the indirect parasympathetics (5)
A
- Physostigmine
- Pyridostigmine
- Neostigmine
- Edrophonium
- Organophsophates
12
Q
Name 4 of the 8 parasympatholytics
A
- atropine
- tropicamide
- Ipratropium
- Butyl-scopolamine
- Glycopyrrolate
- Homatropine
- Benzethemide
- Levodopa
13
Q
Which of the 2 Ach rec is a simple ion channel
A
Nicotinic
14
Q
What kind of rec. is Muscarinic
A
G-protein
15
Q
How many types of MAch rec are there
A
3
16
Q
Where can you find which type of MAch rec.
A
M1,M3 - stomach, bronchi, eye, vessel
M2 - heart
17
Q
Cholinergic
A
parasympathimimetics
18
Q
Anticholinergic
A
parasympatholytics
19
Q
Ach has a long T1/2 t/f
A
f only 2 mins
20
Q
Name the parasympathomimetics that bind non specific
A
- Ach
- Carbachol
21
Q
What is Carbachol used for
A
-esp. swine emetic and eye drops
22
Q
which direct parasympathomimetcs are specific for MAch
A
- Bethanechol
- Methacholine
23
Q
ind. for bethanechol
A
- int. peristalsis
- urinary bladder paralysis
24
Q
What is pilocarpine used in
A
glaucoma and KCS
25
how do the indirect sympathomimetic act
they inhibit Ach esterae and create more Ach in synapse
26
What are possible side effects of indirect parasymp.
- in NAch - excess Ach - muscular spasms
- in MAch - build up can cause bradycardia, myosis
- mental effects of high Ach dose
27
What does Ach esterase do
hydrolyses Ach into acetic acid and choline
28
Characterize physostigmine
- lipophilic
- high abs. and penetration within GI
- easy to overdose
- used for atropine poisoning and glaucoma
29
Neostigmine is absorbed how?
not in GI only IV or IM
30
Does Neostigmine cause BBB
no
31
What is neostigmine used in?
myasthenia gravis & spinal surgery - as an antidote against the paralysis
32
how does Edrophonium work differently
competitively inhibits Ach in neuromuscular junction
33
In which plants is atropine found
Datura stramonium, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger
34
Name the effects of Atropine
- tachycardia
- mydriasis
- bronchi dilation
- constipation
- high dose - hallucinations
35
Does Atropine cross the BBB
yes
36
what can Atropine be used in Bronchi
RAO in EQ
| Asthma in Fe and HO
37
Name all the non specific sympathomimetics
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
- Dopamine
38
Name the subgroups of the specific sympathomimetics
- beta1 agonists
- beta2 agonists
- alpha1 agonists
- alpha2 agonists
39
Name the 2 Beta1 agonists
- Dobutamine
| - Isoproterenol
40
Name 3 of the 5 Beta2 agonists
- Clenbuterole
- Terbutaline
- Isoxsupine
- Salbutamole
- Salmeterole
41
Name 3 of the 7 alpha 1 agonists
-Phenyleprine
-Oxymetazoline
-Ephedrine
..
.
.
42
Name all the alpha 2 agonists (4)
- Xylazine
- Medetomidine
- Detomidine
- Romifidine
43
Name 2 non specific sympatholytics
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Propranole
- Timolole
44
At which receptors do the specific sympatholytics act
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- beta 1
45
Name the alpha 2 sympatholytics
- Atipamezole
| - Yohimbine
46
Adrenergic receptors are simple ion receptors t/f
f
47
Adrenergic receptors are enzymatic-coupled receptors t/f
f
48
Adrenergic receptors are G-Protein receptors t/f
t
49
The binding of an catecholamine at an adrenergic recptor will inhibit the sympathetic nervous response t/f
f
50
Which receptors does NE target
- alpha 1
| - beta 1
51
Which receptors does Epinephrine target
-beta 1&2
52
What is the action of alpha 1 receptors
smooth muscle contraction
53
What does alpha 1 action cause
- mydriasis
| - vasoconst.
54
What is the action of alpha 2 rec.
-inhibits NE release
55
What does the action of alpha 2 rec. cause in regards to blood gluc.
-inhibits insulin release - raises blood gluc. level
56
On what organ do the Beta1 receptors act
cardiac muscle
57
How do the Beta1 receptors act on the cardiac muscles
- positive inotropic
| - positive chronotropic
58
What does the beta 2 rec. cause
- vasodilation
- bronchidilation
- uterus relaxation
59
Which receptor is the most important for the respiratory system
beta 2
60
Where does adrenaline bind at a higher dose alpha/beta
alpha (3-5x)
61
Adrenaline is useful in shock treatment t/f
f - bp can increase but vessels also expand
62
Name the indication for adrenaline
- Cardiac stop
- severe bronchoconstr.
- anaphylaxis
- local vasoconst.
- to extend duration of anaesthetics
63
What does NE cause
-significant increase of BP
64
NE acts on alpha 2 and beta 1 receptors t/f
f
65
NE acts on alpha 1 and beta 1 rec. t/f
t
66
NE is useful in shock treatment t/f
t
67
What are indications for NE
hypotension
68
What is special about the effect of dopamine
effect depends on dose
69
Dobutamine is a beta 2 agonist t/f
f
70
What does dobutamine cause
tachycardia, incr. BP
71
Name 2 beta 2 agonists
- Clenbutarole
| - Salbutarole
72
Beta 2 agonists can act on beta 1 at higher doses t/f
t
73
What do beta 1 agonists cause
broncho dilation, uterus relaxation
74
Which beta 2 agonsits acts the most on beta 1 rec.
Clenbutarole
75
Name the SE of beta 2 agonists
- arrhytmia
- hypertension
- tachycardia
76
Name the ind. for beta 2 agonists
- RAO - eq
- feline asthma
- bronchitis
- tracheal hypoplasia
77
Which alpha 1 agonists would be used for eye drops
Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline
78
In which drug-category would alpha 2 agonists fit?
Sedatohypnotics
79
Name 3 Sympatholytics
Atipamezole, Yohimbine, Propranole
80
Which rec. do Yohimbine and atipamezole antagonise
Alpha 2
