autonomic system and hypothalamus Flashcards
(13 cards)
purpose of autonomic nervous system
regulate glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
purpose of sympathetic system
catabolic, expends energy, fight or flight, increase heart rate and contractility, shunt blood to muscles and heart
purpose of parasympathetic system
anabolic, conserves energy, slows heart rate, promotes digestion/absorption of food
location of preganglionic sympathetic fibers
intermediolateral columns of spinal cord at T1-L2
location of parasympathetic fibers
intermediolateral columns at level S2-S4
parasympathetic cranial nerves
3-pupil and ciliary body constriction
7- tearing and salivation
9-salivation
10- vagus effects
Wernicke’s syndrome
paralysis of eye movements, ataxic gait and disturbed LOC, r/t hemorrhages in hypothalamus (seen in alcoholics)
Korsakoff’s syndrome
memory loss, confusion and confabulation r/t lesions in mammilary bodies (seen in alcoholics)
connections between hypothalamus and pituitary
posterior pituitary to paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, which secrete oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)
anterior pituitary
no neural connections, releasing factors in hypothalamus are released into portal circulation and then transported to ant. pit. where they stimulate cells to secrete hormones, such as ACTH, thyrotrophic, somatotrophic, FSH, LH
Horner’s syndrome
interruption of cervical sympathetic nerves (or origins in brain stem and spinal cord) lead to ptosis, miosis, decrease in sweating on the involved side of the face
Hirschsprung’s megacolon
congenital absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the wall of the colon lead to poor colonic motility and dilation
Why would you get a constricted pupil during a migraine
edema along carotid may compromise sympathetic nerves that travel with the carotid and its branches
