Hickey neural cells

Question 1

types of neuroglia cells

Answer 1

astrocytes, oligidendrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia (in PNS, Schwann cells form myelin sheath

Question 2

astrocytes

Answer 2

star like appearance, may end as swellings called nerve feet on neurons and blood vessels

Question 3

functions of astrocytes

Answer 3

provide nutrition for neurons, regulate synaptic connectivity, remove cellula debris, part of the blood brain barrier

Question 4

oligodendrocytes

Answer 4

produce myelin sheath of the axonal projections of neurons in CNS, one cell can maintain several axons” sheaths

Question 5

ependyma cells

Answer 5

line ventricular system and choroid plexus- aid in prodcucing CSF and act as barrier to foreign substances in ventricles, keep them from entering cerebral tissue

Question 6

microglia

Answer 6

minute, phagocytic cells, remove/disintegrate the waste products of neurons

Question 7

unipolar neurons

Answer 7

possess only one process/pole splits close to body of cell, with peripheral process brings in sensory data, and central process conducts impulse to spinal cord/brain stem

Question 8

bipolar neurons

Answer 8

only in spinal/vestibular ganglia, olfactory mucous membrane, and in one layer of the retina

Question 9

multipolar neurons

Answer 9

consist of a cell body, one long projection (axon- moves impulses away) and one or more shorter branches (dendrites- move impulses toward cell body)

Question 10

components of neural cell

Answer 10

nucleus- contains chromatin (has DNA) and nucleolus that contains RNA (messenger from genes, to code for cellular proteins
cell membrane- triple layer of lipoproteins
cytoplasm

Question 11

components of cytoplasm

Answer 11

smooth/ rough endoplasmic reticula, Nissl bodies, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, neurotubules, neurofibrils

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

network of tubular membranous structures, smooth serves as site of enzyme reactions
Nissl bodies are masses of rough endo retic with ribosomes, protein synthesizing machinery of neurons

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

further modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and temporary storage and separation of protein types, depending on their function and destination
forms substances that digest intracellular material

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

site of most cellular energy, cell nutrients are oxidized to make CO2 and H2O, the energy released produces ATP(adenosine triphosphate

Question 15

lysosomes

Answer 15

isolate the digestive enzymes of a cell to prevent cell destruction

Question 16

axoplasmic flow

Answer 16

neurotubules transport protein and substances from the cell body down the axon, neurofibrils assist in transport

Question 17

saltatory conduction

Answer 17

action potential hops from one node of Ranvier to another in myelinated nerves- increases speed of impulse and conserves energy

Question 18

types of neurotransmitters

Answer 18

amines (acetylcholine, serotonin)
catecholamines (dopamine, epi, norepi)
amino acids (GABA, glutamic acid, glycine, substance P)
polypeptides (endorphins, enkephalins)