Axial Musculature

Question 1

Temporalis

Answer 1

Muscle of mastication: elevates mandible and closes jaw

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

Muscle of mastication: elevates mandible and closes jaw - if you clench jaw, it’s the muscle that bulges out

Question 3

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 3

Muscle of mastication: opens jaw, protrudes mandible and moves mandible from side to side

Question 4

Medial pterygoid

Answer 4

Muscle of mastication: elevates mandible, closes jaw and moved mandible side to side

Question 5

Skeletal muscles are divided into two groups (associated with?)

Answer 5

Axial musculature: associated with axial skeleton

Appendicular musculature: associates with appendicular skeleton

Question 6

Axial musculature - main purposes (5)

Answer 6

Vision, mastication, facial expression and swallowing. Upright posture and movement of the back. Support if abdominal and pelvic viscera. Respiration. Urination, defecation and parturition.

Question 7

Appendicular musculature - main purposes (2)

Answer 7

Stabilizes the pectoral and pelvic girdles. Moves upper and lower limbs.

Question 8

Four groups of axial muscles

Answer 8

Head and neck: face, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx. Back: flexes and extenders of axial skeleton. Thorax and abdominopelvic cavity: forms wall of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Pelvic floor: extend between sacrum and pelvic girdle to form muscular perineum.

Question 9

Muscles of mastication (4)

Answer 9

Temporalis. Masseter. Lateral pterygoid. Medial pterygoid.

Question 10

Muscles of facial expression (6)

Answer 10

Orbicularis oculi. Obicularis pros. Platysma. Buccinator. Occipitofrontalis. Epicranial aponeurosis.

Question 11

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 11

Muscles of facial expression : closes eye, squinting

Question 12

Orbicularis oris

Answer 12

Muscles of facial expression : constricts opening of mouth

Question 13

Platysma

Answer 13

Muscles of facial expressions : tenses skin if neck - just under skin, very thin muscle “shaving muscle”

Question 14

Buccinator

Answer 14

Muscles of facial expression : moves food across teeth, suction - ribbon like

Question 15

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

Answer 15

Muscles of facial expressions : raises eyebrows as wrinkles forehead

Question 16

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 16

Muscles of facial expressions : tenses and retracts scalp

Question 17

Extraocular muscles

Answer 17

Associated with the eye: have to be very precise so has many small units - ribbon like muscles

Question 18

Extra ocular muscle types (7)

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Levator palpebrae eyelid

Answer 19

Opens upper eyelid

Question 20

Rectus …

Answer 20

4 rectus muscles : move eye up down left right - for eye to look straight and be I equilibrium, all muscles are gently pulling equally

Question 21

Palsy

Answer 21

Old word for paralysis

Question 22

Temporalis and masseter in closing jaw

Answer 22

Masseter: very powerful, Primary agonist. Temporalis: convergent so not as much force, synergist

Question 23

Muscles of facial expression origin bad insertion

Answer 23

Origin : skull. Insertion : skin

Question 24

Epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 24

Flat white broad tendon that connects frontal and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis - forms most if scalp

Question 25

Muscles of the pharynx - purpose ad grouped into (3)

Answer 25

To initiate swallowing. Grouped into: palatal muscles raise the soft palate, pharyngeal constructed that squeeze the pharynx, laryngeal elevators raise the larynx and close off the airway

Question 26

Muscle of the pharynx (4)

Answer 26

Tensor and levetator veli palatini. …

Question 27

Palatal muscles in pharynx

Answer 27

Raise soft palate and closes off nasal pharynx so food doesn’t go here