Basic Tissue Types

Question 1

Levels of Organization: cells interact to gorm, etc

Answer 1

Cells interact to form tissues, tissues interact to form organs and organ systems of the body

Question 2

Body constructed of four basic tissues:

Answer 2

Epithelia. Connective Tissue. Muscle. Nerve.

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue Function (4)

Answer 3

Forms barriers (between inside and outside world, and between compartments within body). Covers exposed body surfaces. Lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts of glands. Forms glands.

Question 4

Connective Tissue (4)

Answer 4

Links tissues and organs together. Provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues/organs. Stores energy as adipose tissue. Forms the immune system (cells produced by lymphatic tissue then migrate to connective tissue)

Question 5

Epithelium is avascular?

Answer 5

it has no blood vessels, so exchange must happen in connective tissue aka structural and metabolic support

Question 6

Muscle Tissue (3)

Answer 6

`Specialized for contraction. Generates force to produce motion of body parts, move substances through blood vessels and hollow organs. Maintains body temperature (heat loss from contraction)

Question 7

Nervous tissue (2)

Answer 7

Receives, processes and integrates signals from within body and external environment. Generates and transmits impulses that control and integrate various functions of the body.

Question 8

Characteristics of Epithelia (5)

Answer 8

Continuous, avascular, rest on basal lamina, little extracellular matrix, polarized.

Question 9

Epithelia: continuous and avascular?

Answer 9

never begin or end; no blood vessels

Question 10

Epithelia: rest on basal lamina?

Answer 10

basal lamina is a specialized layer of connective tissue, the epithelia binds to BL and other things in BL attach to what’s under

Question 11

Epithelia: little extracellular matrix?

Answer 11

Extra = outside of cell. Cells secrete matrix that connect other cells to each other

Question 12

Epithelia: polarized?

Answer 12

apical and basolateral surfaces differ - apical faces outside, there are junctions between cells. lateral + basal = basolateral

Question 13

Tight junction

Answer 13

area where two cells are held so tightly together that things can’t really pass through - no diffusion: has to go THROUGH the cell

Question 14

Types of Epithelia and Naming

Answer 14

different types serve different functions - named according to number of cells, 1 = simple 2+ = stratified. Shape of cells in outermost layer

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Simple Squamous

Question 17

Answer 17

Simple Cuboidal

Question 18

Answer 18

Pseudostratified Columnar

Question 19

Answer 19

Simple Columnar

Question 20

Answer 20

Stratified Columnar

Question 21

Answer 21

Stratified Squamous

Question 22

Answer 22

Transitional

Question 24

Simple Squamous Epithelium: properties, locations

Answer 24

Single layer of flat cells, very delicate so only found in places without a lot of force: lines body cavities, heart and blood vessels, and site of gas exchange in lungs

Question 25

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Locations and Functions

Answer 25

Question 26

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: properties, found where

Answer 26

Stratified cells with outermost layer squamous (aka flat) - forms outer layer of skin, lines mouth, esophagus and vagina - found near abrasive forces

Question 27

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Locations (7) and Functions (1)

Answer 27

Locations: surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus and vagina. Functions: physical protection against abrasion, pathogens and chemical attack

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: properties and location

Answer 29

Single layer of cells, cell height and width equal, found in glands and forms ducts of glands, forms portions of kidney (tubules out of cuboidal cells because they can make walls of small tubes), lines small intestines since it is the max amount of membrane but still simple to move things from lumen

Question 30

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Functions (3) and Locations (4)

Answer 30

Locations: glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland. Functions: limited protection, secretion, absorption

Question 31

Simple Columnar Epithelium: properties, found where

Answer 31

Single layer of cells, cells taller than they are wide - lines digestive tract, fallopian tubes and gall blader

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Locations (5) and Functions (3)

Answer 33

L: lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, collecting ducts of kidneys. F: Protection, secretion, absorption.

Question 34

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: properties and found where

Answer 34

two to three layers of cells, outmost layer is cuboidal - are like bricks, so they line large ducts (think about it..tiny ducks, single layer is kay, but for larger ducts, more layers makes them stronger)

Question 35

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Locations (1) and Functions (3)

Answer 35

rare, found in lining of some ducts ex. sweat gland duct - protection, secretion and absortpion (same as simple columnar)

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: properties and found where

Answer 37

Multiple layers of cells, outer layer is columnar - found in very large ducts where they are so big that cuboidal isn't enough: ex pancreatic duct

Question 38

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Locations (6) and Functions (1)

Answer 38

L: small areas of pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary gland, salivary gland ducts, urethra. F: protection

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium: properties and found where

Answer 40

nuclei appear at multiple levels, all cells touch basal lamina but may not all reach luminal surface - found where cells might be damaged since an abrasive substance can kill large cell, but little one can take its place - respiratory system, male repro tract

Question 41

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium: Locations (4) and Functions (2)

Answer 41

L: lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, portions of male repro tract. F: protection and secretion

Question 42

Transitional Epithelium: properties and found where and why

Answer 42

multiple layers of cell, outermost are large and dome shaped so is stretch - found only in urinary tract (bladder, renal pelvis, ureters) to permit expansion and recoil after stretching

Question 43

Glands: formed of what and how

Answer 43

composed of epithelial cells: form by growth of epi cells into underlying connective tissue

Question 44

Exo vs Endocrine glands

Answer 44

Exo: release secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces. Endo: ductless, secrete hormones directly into blood.

Question 45

Formation of Glands: exo vs endocrine

Answer 45

Question 46

Formation of Glands: exo vs endocrine (words)

Answer 46

cells both develop the same way: epithelial cells grow into underlying connective tisuue, cells at top form a channel and cells at bottom differentiate into secretory cells. If secretory cells remain: exocrine. If they degenerate: endocrine.

Question 47

Three mechanisms of Secretion

Answer 47

Merocrine (normal exocytosis), Apocrine (apical surface is pinched off) and Holocrine (entire cell released)

Question 48

Merocrine Secretion Diagram

Answer 48

Question 49

Apocrine Secretion

Answer 49

Question 50

Holocrine Secretion

Answer 50

Question 51

Apocrine Secretion and Holocrine Secretion Examples

Answer 51

Apo: apical surface is pinched off like in mammary glands. Holo: entire cell is released like in sebaaceous glands