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ANAT200 > Tissues Part 2 > Flashcards

Tissues Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue Characteristics

A

inverse of epithelium: relatively few cells, but abundance of extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Connective Tissue Matrix (2)

A

Ground substance (a highly hydrated gel like Jello which doesn’t have much tensile strength but a lot of compressive strength). Fibers (with a lot of tensile strength so will resist when pulled).

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3
Q

Fibers in Connective Tissue Matrix (3)

A

Collagen: forms bundles that provide tensile strength. Reticular: forms branching network that supports cells, like little collagens that branch. Elastic - thin branching fibers that function like rubber bands.

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4
Q

Classification of Connective Tissue based on…

A

density of fibers, types of fibers, and preponderance of specific cell type

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5
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Connective Tissue found in developing embryo: consists of ground substance and cells (no fibres in matrix) - remain as stem cells in adult tissue

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6
Q

Loose Connective Tissue properties

A

abundance of ground substance or cells and relatively few fibres - such as adipose connective tissue - so lots of matrix or cells

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7
Q

3 divisions of connective tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper. Fluid Connective Tissues. Supporting Connective Tissues.

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8
Q

2 Types of Connective tissue proper

A

Loose - fibers create loose open framework. Dense - fibers densely packed.

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9
Q

2 types of fluid connective tissues

A

blood - contained in circulatory system. Lymph - in lymphatic system

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10
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues - 2 types

A

cartilage - solid rubbery matrix. Bone - solid, crystalline matrix. Note: cartilage is incompressable because extracellular matrix binds to lots of water, but is flexible

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11
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Loose CT, CT proper: most common connective tissue, links together other tissues and organs throughout body

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12
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue locations (6) and functions (3)

A

found: within and deep to the dermis of skin, covered by epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts, between muscles, around blood vessels, nerves and around joints. function: cushions organs, support but permits independent movement, phagocytic cells are defense against pathogens

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13
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Loose, Proper: fat tissue, forms deposits in specifc areas of the body, functions in padding, insulation and energy storage like in blubber in whales

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14
Q

Adipose Tissue: Locations (1) Functions (3)

A

found beneath the skin especially at sides, buttocks, breasts, posterior to eyeballs, around kidneys. F: padding and cushions socks like in kidneys, insulates to reduce heat loss like blubber, stores energy

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15
Q

Dense Connective Tissue properties

A

type of CT Proper: has abundance of fibers and relatively little ground substance and few cells - two types: regular and irregular

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16
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

fibers unaligned and run at a variety of angles so it can with stand force from any direction - forms dermis of skin, organ capsules, sheaths around bones, muscles and nerves

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17
Q

Dense Irregular CT Locations (3) and Functions (2)

A

L: capsules of visceral organs, dermis of skin, periostea and perichondria, nerve and muscle sheaths. F: strength to resist forces applied from many directions, prevents over-expansion of organs like bladder

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18
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

CT proper: fibers aligned in one direction so for forces in onlyone direction - forms tendons (muscles to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone) - always pulls in same direction for max strength

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19
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue locations and Functions

A

L: between skeletal muscles and skeleton (tendons, aponeuroses) and between bones (ligaments) and covering sketal muscles, and deep fasciae. F: firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction between muscles, stabilizes relative positions of bones

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20
Q

Membranes: composed of, found where

A

composed of epithelium and connective tissue, line surfaces, cavities and hollow organs

21
Q

Types of membranes (4)

A

Mucous (lines moist/wet like digestive tract). Serous. Cutaneous (only in skin). Synovial (in joints like in knee, secretes fluid to lubricate joint).

22
Q

Fluid CT - 2 types

A

Blood and Lymph

23
Q

Blood

A

Fluid CT: composed of blood cells and plasma, plasma forms the matrix

24
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid CT: composed of lymphocytes and lymph fluid, lymph fluid is a dilute solution of proteins and excess interstitial fluid

25
Q

Supporting CT

A

consists of cartilage and bond: extensive incompressible matrix, support soft tissues of body

26
Q

Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

A

elongated cells, specialized to contract and generate forces

27
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

28
Q

Skeletal MT

A

attaches to bones, striated (shows pattern of bands, striped) and voluntary contraction

29
Q

Cardiac MT

A

found only in heart, striated which reflects organization of contralateral apparatus, involuntary contraction

30
Q

smooth MT

A

associated with viscera aka internal organs, non striated, involuntary contraction

31
Q

Skeletal Muscle Locations and Functions

A

L: combined with CT and NT in skeletal muscles such as leg or arm muscles. F: moves/stabilizes articulated skeleton, guards entrance/exit to digestive and respiratory tract, exit to urinary tract, protects internal organs

32
Q

Skeletal Muscle description

A

long, cylindrical, striated and multinucleated - exhibits distinct cross-banding pattern

33
Q

Cardiac Muscle: Location and Function

A

heart - circulates blood, maintains blood pressure aka hydrostatic pressure - specialized for continuous, rhythmic contraction

34
Q

Cardiac Muscle descrption

A

cells are short, branced striated and contain a single nucleus, connected with intercalated disks

35
Q

Smooth muscle description

A

cells are short, spindle shaped with a single nucleus, not striated

36
Q

Smooth muscle Locations

A

forms walls of blood vessels and hollow organs: found encircling blood vessels, in walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary and repro organs

37
Q

Smooth Muscle Functions

A

specialized for slow sustained contractions with very little ATP, no fatiguing: moves food/urine/repro tract secretions, controls diameter of respiratory passageways, regulates diameter of blood vessels, and contributes to regulation of tissue blood flow

38
Q

Nervous Tissue characteristics

A

highly asymmetrical cells with long cytoplasmic processes, transmit electrical signals via ionic conduction

39
Q

Classifaction of Connective Tissue

A
40
Q

Connective Tissue Structure: Fibroblasts

A

secrete ground substance and fibers - the big green blob

41
Q

CT structure: macrophage

A

ingest debris and function in immuni response - squiggly outline cell

42
Q

CT Structure: Adipocytes

A

fat cells: roundish blobs

43
Q

CT Structure Diagram

A
44
Q

Areolar CT Diagram

A
45
Q

Serous Membrane Diagram

A
46
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A
47
Q

Synovial Membrane Diagram

A
48
Q

Mucous Membranes Diagram

A

ANAT200 (15 decks)

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