Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Vertebral formula

Answer 1

C7 T13 L7 S3 Ca20-23

Question 2

“typical” vertebra features

Answer 2

vertebral body, vertebral arch, processes

Question 2

Vertevral body

Answer 2

intervertebral disx located between adjancent bodies

Question 3

Vertebral arch

Answer 3

consists of pedicles and laminae, vertbral foramen

Question 3

vertebral foramen

Answer 3

surrounded by arch and dorsal surface of body

Question 3

Pedicles

Answer 3

walls

Question 3

laminae

Answer 3

roof

Question 3

Processes

Answer 3

Doral spinous, transverse, artivular

Question 3

Vertebral canal

Answer 3

formed by vertebral foramen, house spinal cord

Question 3

intervertebral foramen

Answer 3

laterally between adjacent vertebrae, spinal nerves course theough

Question 3

Cerival vertebrae

Answer 3

C1 and C2 are not typical, C3-C6 more typical

Question 3

C2

Answer 3

Axis, Prominent spinous process, Dens articulates with atlas

Question 3

Joints associated with atlas

Answer 3

Atlanto-occipital joint + atlantoaxial joint

Question 3

C1

Answer 3

Atlas, large transverse processes refered as wings, no spinal process

Question 3

Atlanta-occipital joint

Answer 3

bettwen occipital condyles of skills and atlas, allows extension and flexion only (“yes” joint)

Question 3

Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 3

Betwen C1 and C2, rotary movement along the long axis (“no” joint)

Question 3

C7

Answer 3

No transverse foramen, has costal focea for articulation of 1st rib

Question 3

Transverse ligament of atlas

Answer 3

holds dens against the atlas

Question 3

C3-C6

Answer 3

more typical, short spinous processes, transverse foramen presnt for vertevral artery, vein, and nerve

Question 3

Thoracic vetebrae

Answer 3

long spinous processes, short transverse process due to rib articulation, costal foveae on bodies

Question 3

Rib articulation

Answer 3

tubercle of ribs articulate with transverse processes, the head articulates with the body, 1-10 heads also articulates with the body of the vertebrae cranial to it

Question 3

How many sternebrae

Answer 3

8

Question 3

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 3

large bodies, large transverse processes, point cranially, prominent spinouse processes, extra process for muscle attachments

Question 3

Sacrum

Answer 3

Fused S1 S2 S3, articuates with ilium, fused transverse processes, sacral foramen for nerves instead of intervertebral foramina

Question 3

Caudal/coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 3

first few look typical then become rod shaped, hemal arch is located in Ca4-Ca6

Question 4

Intervertebral disc

Answer 4

between veterbal bodies (except C1+C2), have two parts, are shock absorber, spreads load evenly

Question 4

Hemal arch

Answer 4

protects tail vessels

Question 4

Two parts of intervertebral dics

Answer 4

Anulus Fibrosus + Nucleus pulposus

Question 4

Anulus fibrosus

Answer 4

outer cricumferential collagenous fibers, thicker ventrally

Question 5

Nucleus pulposus

Answer 5

inter gelatinous core

Question 6

Veterbral ligaments

Answer 6

Supraspinous ligamnet, nuchal ligament

Question 7

Supraspinouse ligamnet

Answer 7

courses dorsally along spinouse processes of T1-Ca3

Question 8

Nuchal ligament

Answer 8

Crainal extension of Supraspinouse ligamnet, courses between axis and T1, not present on cat or pig

Question 9

Dorsal longitudinal ligamnet

Answer 9

dorsal surface of vertebral besides, vental to spinal cord

Question 10

Ventral longitudinal ligament

Answer 10

ventral surface of vertebral bodies

Question 11

interspinouse and intertransverse ligaments

Answer 11

board bands between spinous processes and between transverse processes

Question 12

intertransverse ligaments

Answer 12

between transverse processes, allow more stability