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Skin, Hair, Nail Flashcards

Block 2 - Dr. M + Dr. W (74 cards)

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1
Q

Common integument

A

skin with all covering

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2
Q

Role of Skin

A

covers + protects, temperature control, responds to stimuli, communcation with hair via piloerection.

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3
Q

Layers of Skin

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer, accessory structures

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

outer most multi layer

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5
Q

Dermis

A

underlay of tough connective tissues

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6
Q

Subsutaneous

A

subcutis or hypodermis

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6
Q

Accessory structures of skin

A

hair, feather, gland

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7
Q

Function of epidermis

A

stratified squamous, protective layer that provided “water-proofing”, stops micros invading, non vascular

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8
Q

4 layers of epidermis

A

Stratum : corneum, granulosm, spinosum, basale

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9
Q

Stratum corneum

A

tightly connected dead cells

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9
Q

Stratum Grandulosm

A

flatten further, made of keratin

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10
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

connected by desmosomes, even flatter

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11
Q

Stratum basale

A

stem cells, base layer

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11
Q

4 cells types

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan’s, Merkel

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12
Q

Keratin

A

insoluble, filament protien connecting high cystenine amount, flexiable when hydrated and cracks when dehydrated

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13
Q

Physiological keratinixation

A

callus

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13
Q

Melanocytes

A

determines skin coloration, dispersed between all layers, effects hair coloration

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14
Q

Regulation of pigment synthesis

A

melanocytes stimulating hormone secreted by pituitary, stimulates production of melanocytes

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15
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

produced by keratinocytes under UV radiation, through liver then kidneys, calcitriol effects calcium metabolism

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16
Q

Langerhan’s cells

A

dendritic cells, antigen presenting, first line

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17
Q

Merkel’s cell

A

modified found in hassle, most abundant where seneor perception is acute, provide sense of touch

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18
Q

Skin permeability

A

keeps certain things out, permeable to lipid-soluble products

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19
Q

Dermis

A

Dense, fibrous tissue, thick + vascularized (gives strength), cells surrounded by collagen bundles, houses sweat + sebaceous glands, sensory nerve fibers, papillae that form hair + feathers

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20
Q

Cells found in dermis

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, mast cells

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21
Arteriovenous anastomoses
temperature regulation
22
Nerve fibers
grouped based on stimuli
22
Types of nerve fibres
mechanosensors, thermosensors, nociceptors
23
Mechanosensors
senstive to mechanical stimuli
24
Thermosensors
respond to skin temperature
25
Nociceptors
respond to noxious stimuli (pain-evoking)
25
Skin appendages
hair, feathers, scales (made in follicles)
26
Follicles
invaginations of epidermis into dermis
27
Mammals hair
have top coat and undercoat
28
Birds have
flight or cover feathers (down feathers)
29
Scales are
plates of Keralin
30
Hair bulb
surrounds protion of dermis, also hair root
30
Matrix
region that produces "daughter" that are pushed to the surface
31
Hair shaft
keratinized epithelial cells pushed from root
32
cuticle
single layer dead, scale like, outer most layer
33
Cortex
several layers of dead, containing hard karatin, middle section (not in wool hair)
34
medulla
dead loosely keratinized cells, inner most section
35
Piolercetor muscle
causes hair to stand up, associated to hair bulb and anchored to oute layer
36
Anagen
active growth
37
Telogen
resting
38
Catagen
transition
38
3 Types of hair
guard, wool, tactile
39
Guard hair
top coat, straight stiff, gives smooth apperance, promotes runoff, location can vary based in hormone (main,tail,feathers)
39
Wool hair
fine, undercoat, thin, wavy, shorter and numerous, between guard hairs
40
Tactile hair
stout, thickest, associated with touch receptors, deep in subcutis,
41
Shedding
humans are continuous, animals have patterns of 5 weeks in spring + fall
41
Parts of the hair
medulla, cortex, cuticle
42
Feathers
central shaft, vane, barbs, barbules, hooklets
43
Vanes
flat part, asymmetric (narrow leads), contains barbs
43
Barbs
angles at 45 degrees, contains barbules or smooth hooklets
44
Barbules
give stability for flight
44
Sebaceous Gland
oil gland, opens into follicle or skin surface, made of detached cells, lubricates skin, provides water impermeability, stimulated by testosterone
45
Eccrine Sweat Gland
common in primates, opens at surface, similar to plasma, reabsorbes Na+ and Cl-
46
Hypodermis
lose tissue, adipise tissue, connects skin to underlying tissues
46
Apocrine Sweat Glands
very common in deomestic animals. open into folliucles, composed of fatty acids + proteins, job is to be sticky
47
Cornififed epidermal structure
hooves, claws, horns, beaks, shells, scales
48
Mammary gland
Alveoli : milk-producing units Lobuli : clusters of alveoli Lobi : cluster of lobuli
49
Footpads
Torus/tori, rounded projection or swelling, thick epidermal covering
50
Structure
naked, thick dense epidermis, mixture of collagenous + elastic fiber with adipose
51
ruminants + pigs footpad
only digital pas is in hoof called bulb
52
Horses footpad
only digital pad is in hoof called frog
53
Nail, claws, hooves
enclosed distal phalanx, local modification of skin, protect underlying tissue
54
uses of Nail, hooves, claws
scratching, digging, weapon, grab food
55
Equine hoof
reduces concussion, have 3 parts
56
Hoof Wall
strngly curved, forms bars around frong
57
Sole
fills ground surface between wall + frog
57
white wall (line)
where the sole and wall meet
58
Peripole
Coronet band, soft horn, external surface at skin junction, wall desends from it + give glossy look, wider in back
59
Claws
Laterally compressed, sharp dorsal border, dermis covers unguicular processes, interdigitation laminae bond claw to dorsal bone border
60
Horns
osseous bases provided by cornval processes of frontal, permanent + continuously growing

SFB (15 decks)

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