Axilla and Pectoral Regions Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
Where does the dorsal scapular artery arise from?
A
the lateral part of the subclavian artery.
2
Q
Identify A
A
Suprascapular artery
3
Q
M?
A
Nipple
4
Q
Identify A
A
Clavicular notch
5
Q
What are the three components of the sternum?
A
manubrium, body and xiphoid
6
Q
What artery supplies the pectoral region and axilla?
A
the axillary artery.
7
Q
B
A
Costal cartilage of 1st rib
8
Q
O
A
Subscapular artery
9
Q
D
A
Basilic vein
10
Q
What vessel supplies the serratus anterior?
A
lateral thoracic artery.
11
Q
E
A
Sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)
12
Q
What bones make up the boundaries of the axilla?
A
The shaft of the clavicle, the glenoid cavity of the scapula, part of the body of the humerus, and the first 5 ribs.
13
Q
A
A
Cervicodorsal trunk
14
Q
Identify E
A
Circumflex scapular branch of subscapular artery
15
Q
Identify H
A
Teres major
16
Q
In cases of injury to regions near the scapular anastomoses, what happens to the direction of blood flow?
A
it is reversed. This allows blood to flow to the distal portion of the axilllary artery and the rest of the arm, forearm and hand.
17
Q
What is 1?
A
Vertebral artery
18
Q
B
A
Inferior hyoid artery
19
Q
F?
A
Anterior interosseous vv.
20
Q
What is 4?
A
Common carotid artery
21
Q
N
A
Circumflex scapular artery
22
Q
17
A
Cephalic vein
23
Q
Where does lymph also come from?
A
parasternal and abdominal lymph nodes.
24
Q
3
A
Medial wall
25
6
Anterior jugular vein
26
F?
Pectoral branch
27
What innervates the subclavius?
the nerve to subclavius (C5, 6)
28
7?
Pectoral fascia
29
9?
Suspensory ligament of axilla
30
J
Costal notches
31
Q
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
32
Identify F
Xiphoid process
33
What ribs are considered to be "false ribs?"
8 - 10; they are also known as vertebrochondral ribs.
34
S
Axillary artery
35
D?
Subcutaneous tissue
36
F
Subscapularis
37
H?
Palmar digital vv.
38
What is 20?
Ascending cervical artery
39
C
Axillary lymph nodes
40
What is the second division of the subclavian artery?
posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
41
What arterial branches anastomose around the scapula?
subclavian and axillary arteries.
42
J
Perforator vv.
43
What are the two superificial veins of the arm and forearm?
basilic and cephalic veins.
44
What is 17?
Transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk)
45
Where do mammary gland lobules converge?
on the nipple.
46
What is the first division of the subclavian artery?
medial to the anterior scalene muscle.
47
B
Cephalic vein
48
Identify B
Pectoralis minor
49
G
Internal thoracic artery
50
M?
Thoracodorsal artery
51
What is 4?
Lobule
52
5
Anterior wall
53
Identify O
Levator scapulae
54
What make up the anterior boundaries of the axilla?
clavicle, subclavius, pectoralis major, pctoralis minor
55
What muscle does the breast rest on?
the pectoral fascia
56
Identify D
Axillary lymph nodes
57
What is 6?
Alveoli
58
G?
4th intercostal space
59
C?
Thoracoepigastric vein
60
The clavipectoral fascia includes what two muscles?
the subclavius and pectoralis minor.
61
18
Axillary artery
62
Identify J
Ligature of brachial artery
63
12
Basilic vein
64
J?
6th rib
65
Identify C
Sternal angle
66
What is 3?
Inferior hyoid artery
67
The muscles of the pectoral region are innervated by what rami?
the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus.
68
O?
Thoracoacromial artery
69
10
Pectoralis major
70
Where does the subclavius distally attach?
inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of clavicle.
71
F?
Pectoralis major
72
What vessels supply the pectoralis minor?
pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
73
At what region does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
the lateral border of the first rib.
74
What ribs are considered to be "true ribs?"
1-7; they are also known as vertebrocostal ribs.
75
I
Xiphoid process
76
L?
Lateral thoracic artery
77
4?
Pectoralis major
78
Identify G
Teres major
79
1
Sternum
80
What nerves innervate the breast?
4 - 6th intercostal nerves; it may also receive innervation from the supraclavicular nerve branches and other intercostal nerves.
81
What is 5?
Thyrocervical trunk
82
2?
Pectoralis minor
83
What is 7?
Lactiferous sinus
84
T
Thoraco-acromial artery
85
E
Subclavian artery
86
What are the commonly found branches of the subclavian artery?
supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery.
87
13
Brachial artery
88
Identify C
Pectoralis major
89
Identify G
Axillary artery
90
H?
Subscapular artery
91
G?
Radial vv.
92
U
Superior thoracic artery
93
V
Clavicle
94
Q?
Suspensory ligaments
95
Identify B
Ligature of axillary artery
96
What type of glands are mammary glands?
modified sweat glands.
97
What vein drains the pectoral and axillary regions?
the axilary vein. It generally follows the course of the axillary artery.
98
What is 9?
Internal thoracic artery
99
11?
Axillary fossa
100
C?
Retromammary space
101
Identify F
Subscapularis
102
What is the retromammary space?
The space betweeen the breast and pectoral fascia.
103
What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?
3 - 5th ribs near the costal cartilages.
104
What is the distal attachmen tof the pectoralis minor?
coracoid process of scpula.
105
O?
Lactiferous sinus
106
B?
Axillary vein
107
What is the long thoracic nerve innervated by?
long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)
108
Ribs are typically found in what region of the vertebral column?
thoracic
109
What are the actions of the pectoralis major?
adduction and medial rotation of the humerus Anterior and inferior movement of the scapular. Flexion of the humerus (via clavicle) Esxtension of the humeris in a flexed position (via the sternum).
110
Identify A
Axillary sheath
111
2
Axillary tail of breast
112
E
Median cuboital vein
113
A
Jugular notch
114
What is 2?
Nipple
115
3?
Clavicle
116
Identify E
Serratus anterior
117
What is the origin of the subclavian artery?
the brachiocephalic trunk (right) and the aortic arch (left). It arises posterior to sternoclaviacular joint.
118
I
Dorsal scapular artery
119
16
Subscapularis
120
W
Deep scapular artery
121
21
Pectoralis minor
122
A
Pectoralis major
123
4
Omohyoid
124
What makes up the posterior boundaries of the axilla?
scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
125
3
Sternocleidomastoid
126
Identify D
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
127
7
Clavicle (cut) subclavius
128
Where is the sternal angle found?
between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
129
P?
Fat lobule
130
P
Lateral thoracic artery
131
A?
Subclavian vein
132
What nerves innervate the pectoral region?
supraclavicular nerves, anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves.
133
5?
Costocoracoid membrane
134
What is 5?
Lactiferous ducts
135
14
Accompanying veins of brachial artery (brachial veins)
136
Identify N
Dorsal scapular artery
137
J
Ligature of brachial artery
138
11
Axillary vein
139
5
Nipple
140
What is 8?
Lobe
141
What veins, arteries and nerves are found in the clavipectoral fascia?
cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerves.
142
9
Cervicoaxillary canal
143
B?
Subclavian artery
144
Identify I
Brachial artery
145
What are the actions of the subclavius?
anchor and depression of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
146
What bones make up the pectoral region?
clavicles, sternum, ribs and scapula.
147
K
Thoracodorsal artery
148
F
1st rib
149
What innervates the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1). It is usually pierced by this nerve.
150
L
Deep artery of arm (profunda brachii artery)
151
The medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named for what?
the part of the brachial plexus that they come from. The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord, and the lateral pectoral nerve arises form the lateral cord.
152
K?
Mammary gland lobules (lactating)
153
X
Superficial cervical artery
154
How many divisions does the subclavian artery have?
3
155
23
Transverse cervical vein
156
H
Intercapitular vv.
157
J?
Deep artery or arm
158
What type of ducts open at the nipple?
lactiferous ducts.
159
What is 16?
Middle scalene
160
What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
stabilizes the scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against the posterior thoracic wall.
161
L
Clsvicular notch
162
What veins supply the breast?
Main the axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins. Some drainage to internal thoracic veins via anterior intercostal veins also occur.
163
What is 6?
Costocervical trunk
164
What is 8?
1st rib
165
What is 1?
Areolar gland
166
2
Subclavian vein
167
6
Areola
168
C
Thyrocervical artery
169
What muscles make up the boundaries of the axilla?
pectoralis major (anterior), latissismus dorsi and teres major (posterior), serratus anteior (chest wall).
170
6?
Pectoralis minor
171
Where does the pectoralis major distally attach?
lateral lip of the interubercular sulcus (biciptal groove)
172
B
Pectoralis minor
173
Identify K
Deep artery of arm
174
4
Lobules of fat
175
What vessels supply the pectoralis major?
pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
176
D?
Acromial branch
177
What vein supplies the deltopectoral triangle?
cephalic vein.
178
3?
Serratus anterior
179
E?
Brachial vv.
180
H?
Mammory gland lobules (resting)
181
Y
Suprascapular artery
182
What are the actions of the serratus anterior?
protracts scapula, rotates scapula, holds scapula agianst thorax.
183
What is 18?
Deep scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)
184
What are the three commonly found branches of the medial part of the subclavian artery?
Internal thoracic mammary artery, vertbebral artery and thyrocervical arterial trunk.
185
2
1st rib
186
7
Lateral wall
187
D
Latissimus dorsi
188
D?
Thoracodorsal vein
189
15
Biceps brachii
190
K?
Brachial artery
191
R
Ligature of axillary artery
192
Identify B
Manubrium
193
Where does the dorsal scapular artery run along?
the vertebral border of the scapula.
194
Identify H
Latissimus dorsi
195
I?
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
196
What muscles make up the deltopectoral triangle?
deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle.
197
3
Axilla
198
What vessels supply the subclavius?
clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk.
199
D
Vertebral artery
200
I?
Pectoral fascia
201
What is the fascia of the pectoral region?
It consists of superifical and deep layers that define borders, invest muscles and create potential spaces.
202
A?
Alveolus
203
8?
Pectoralis major
204
What arteries supply the breast?
anterior intercostal, lateral thoracic and internal thoracic arteries.
205
B
Posterior axillary fold
206
G
Axillary sheath
207
1
Clavicle
208
C?
Suprascapular artery
209
8
2nd rib
210
The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue occurs in what regions?
nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules and subareolar lymph nodes.
211
What is 15?
Posterior scalene
212
A?
Thyrocervical trunk
213
Identify G
Costal notches
214
A
Anterior axillary fold
215
20
Deltoid
216
1?
Subclavius
217
7
Serratus anterior
218
F
Median antebrachial vein
219
What are the two branches of the thyocervical arterial trunk?
transverse cervical artery has a superficial and eep branch (dorsal scapular artery).
220
What is 7?
Clavicle
221
F
Body of sternum
222
10?
Axillary fascia
223
K
Radiate sternocostal ligaments
224
2?
Omohyoid
225
Identify L
Anastomoses with intercostal arteries
226
K?
Ulnar vv.
227
What is 3?
Areola
228
The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue is related to what?
The metasis of cancer cells.
229
Identify M
Rhomboid minor
230
Identify F
Thoracodorsal artery
231
1
External jugular vein
232
10
Apex of axilla
233
What is 12?
Subclavian artery
234
H
Xiphisternal joint
235
M
Brachial artery
236
J?
Deep palmar venous arch
237
E?
Deltoid branch
238
B?
2nd rib
239
what innervates the pectoralis major?
lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6 - clavicular portion, C7, C8, T1 - sternocostal region).
240
Identify E
Xiphisternal joint
241
9
Pectoralis minor
242
D
Manubrium
243
4?
Subclavius
244
The clavipectoral fascia becomes what ligament of the axilla?
the suspensory ligament.
245
G
Cephalic vein
246
H
Pectoralis minor
247
What is 11?
Deep cervical artery
248
Identify C
Subscapular artery
249
What are some concents of the axilla?
The axillary sheath (axillary a, axillary v, brachial plexus), pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, teres ajor, latissismus dorsi, subscapularis, central and pectoral lymph nodes.
250
What artery supplies the deltopectoral triangle?
the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery (from axillary artery).
251
What two bones do ribs articulate with?
the sternum and vertebrae.
252
How does the breast attach to the dermis of the skin?
via suspensory ligaments (cooper's ligaments).
253
What ribs are considered "atypical?"
1, 2, 11 & 12
254
5
Internal jugular vein
255
E?
Pectoralis minor
256
22
Suprascapular veins
257
G
Transverse ridges
258
I?
Palmar metacarpal vv.
259
What is 14?
Suprascapular artery
260
E
Teres major
261
K
Median basilic vein
262
1?
Deep cervical fascia
263
C
Basilic hiatus
264
6
Posterior wall
265
Where does the serratus anterior distally attach?
anterior surface of medial border of the scapula.
266
What is the third division of the subclavian artery?
lateral to the anterior scalene muscle.
267
C
Synchondrosis of first rib
268
A
Deltopectoral groove
269
8
Intertubercular groove
270
What is 19?
Superficial cervical artery (superficial branch of transverse cervical artery)
271
I
Superficial palmar venous arch
272
N?
Areola
273
4
Base of axilla
274
Z
Anterior scalene muscle
275
What makes up the lateral boundary of the axilla?
intertubercular sulcus, tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon.
276
What is 9?
Suspensory ligaments
277
What is 2?
Anterior scalene
278
Where does the subclavius proximally attach?
junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage.
279
G?
Axillary artery
280
What do the sternal ends of ribs articulate with?
The sternum, costal cartilage or it sits in the fascia.
281
Where does the pectoralis major proximally attach?
clavicular and sternocostal regions. The anterior surface of media 1/2 of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages
282
L?
Lactiferous ducts
283
N?
Circumflex scapular artery
284
Where does the serratus anterior proximally attach?
external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9.
285
Identify D
Body of sternum (sternebrae)
286
What is 13?
Axillary artery
287
What two arteries have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, should and axillary regions?
subclavian and axillary arteries.
288
How much of the lymph is from the breast?
\>75%; it comes from axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central and apical)
289
What is 10?
Supreme intercostal artery
290
19
Pectorlais major
