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A. White- Human Anatomy > Posterior Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Leg Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

What is the largest foot bone, and what does it articulate with?

A

calcaneus

superiorly = talus

anteriorly = cuboid

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2
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali?

A

A shelf-like projection that supports talus and provides groove for flexor hallucis longus.

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3
Q

What does the navicular articulate with?

A

posteriorly = talus head

anteriorly = 3 cuneiforms

laterally = cuboid

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4
Q

What muscle attaches at the navicular tuberosity?

A

tibialis posterior

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5
Q

What muscles are in the superifical posterior group?

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

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6
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior group?

A

popliteus

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

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7
Q

The tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels are ____ to transverse crural intermuscular septum

A

deep

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8
Q

What is the most superficial posterior compartment muscle?

A

gastrocnemius

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9
Q

What joints do the gastrocnemius cross?

A

knee and ankle joints.

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10
Q

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

A

plantar flexion and flexion of the leg at the knee joint.

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus.

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12
Q

The medial and lateral tubercles have a groove for what tendon?

A

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

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13
Q

The lateral head of the gastrocnemius may have what bone close to its proximal attachment?

A

fabella. It provides leverage for lateral head of gastrocnemius.

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14
Q

If there is a fabellar stress fracture, what are the consequences?

A

total knee replacement

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15
Q

What is the soleus?

A

A broad, flat multipennate muscle that lies deep to the gastrocnemus.

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the soleus?

A

soeal line of tibia

posterior head of the fibula and superior 1/4 of posterior fibula

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17
Q

Where does the soleus insert?

A

Into the posterior surface of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (achilles tendone_

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18
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

plantar flexion

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19
Q

What do the soleus and gastrocnemius form?

A

the triceps surae

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20
Q

What is the plantaris muscle?

A

A small muscle with a short belly and long tendon.

It is often absent.

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21
Q

Where does the plantaris attach?

A

Lateral end of lateral supracondylar line

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22
Q

What are the actions of the plantaris?

A

Weak plantar flexion and leg flexion

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23
Q

The plantaris muscle participates in leg flexion. What is another role that the plantris plays in movement?

A

proprioception

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24
Q

What tendon is commonly used in reconstructive surgery for hand tendons?

A

long tendon

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25
The plantaris can possibly rupture during what ankle movements?
violent ankle movements (dorsiflexsion of ankle joints).
26
What are the four deep posterior muscles?
popliteus flexor hallicis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
27
What muscle forms the inferior floor of the popliteal fossa?
popliteus
28
Where does the popliteus attach?
Lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus. Also the posterior tibia (superior to soleal line)
29
What are the actions of the popliteus?
unlocks enxtended leg by laterally rotating femur on a stationary tibia also flexes leg weakly
30
Whta arteries supply the popliteal fossa?
superior medial and lateral genicular arteries inferior medial genicualr artery inferior lateral genicular artery
31
What is the largest deep posterior muscle, and what does it lie deep to?
flexor hallucis longus lies deep to soleus
32
What is the attachment of the flexor hallucis longus?
inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
33
What is the distal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus?
base of distal phalanx of great toe
34
What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?
Flexes great toe plantar flex foot at ankle joint.
35
Where is the flexor digitorum longus located?
Deep to soleus and posterior to tibia.
36
What is the attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?
posterior tibia (inferior to sloeal line)
37
The tendon of the flexor digitorum long passes ___ to tibialis posterior.
posterior
38
When does the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus divide into four tendons that pass lateral four digits?
near the middle of the sole
39
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?
distal phalanx base of lateral four digits
40
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?
flexes lateral four digits plantar flex foot at ankle joint.
41
What is the deepest posterior crural muscle?
tibialis posterior
42
What does the tibialis posterior lie between?
FDL and FHL
43
What is the proximal attachment of the tibialis posterior?
interosseous membrane posterior tibia inferior to soleal line posteromedial surface of fibula
44
What is the distal attachment of the tibialis posterior?
navicular tuberosity cuneiforms cuboid 2-4 metatarsal bases
45
What are the functions of the tibialis posterior?
inversion and planta flexsion.
46
What nerve supplies all posterior compartment muscles?
Tibial nerve
47
The tibial nerve passes with what vessels?
posterior tibial vessels
48
How does the tibial nerve leave the posterior compartment?
It passes deep to flexor retinaculum between medial malleolus and calcaneus
49
What does the tibial nerve eventually divide into?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
50
What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment?
posterior tibial artery. It gives rise to the fibular artery.
51
What is the largest branch of the posterior tibial artery?
fibular artery
52
What compartments does the fibular artery vascularize?
posterior and lateral compartments.
53
Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated between?
posterior surface of medial malleolus medial border of calcaneal tendon
54
THe posterior tibial pulse is used to examine patients with what disease?
occlusive peripheral arterial disease
55
What is the occlusive peripheral arterial disease caused by?
Ischemia of leg muscles due to narrowing or occlusion of leg arteries. It is characterized by leg cramps and pain during walking
56
What is the fibular trochlea?
A ridge on the lateral surface of the calcaneus
57
What does the cuboid articulate with?
posteriorly = calcaneus anteriorly = 4th and 5h metatarsals medially = navicular and lateral cuneiform
58
What is the crural fascia continous with?
fascia lata
59
What fascia covers the leg muscles?
crural fascia
60
What does the crural fascial form distally?
extensor retinaculum it prevents bowstringing during dorsiflexion
61
What nerve suppleis the anterior portion of the thigh?
femoral nerve
62
What nerve supplies the posterior portion of the thigh?
sciatic nerve it is involved in flexion
63
What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
obturator nerve
64
What are the anterior (extensor) compartment muscles?
Tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis lertius
65
What are the primary functions of the anterior (extensor) compartment muscles?
dorsiflexion toe extension
66
What is the tibialis anterior?
A long, thick muscle on the anterolateral surface of the tibia
67
Where does the tibialis anterior proximally attach?
lateral tibial condyle and superolateral 1/2 of tibia.
68
Where does the tibialis anterior distally attach?
Medial surfaceo f first cuneiform and first metatarsal base
69
What are the functions of the tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexion and inversion of toe
70
What are the proximal attachments of the extensor digotorum longus?
lateral tibial condyle anterior fibular surface interosseous membrane
71
What are the distal attachments of the extensor digitorum longus?
Lateral four proximal phalanges distal phalanx middle phalanx
72
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?
Extension of lateral four digits dorsiflexion
73
What is the proximal attchment of the fibularis tertius?
anteroinferior fibular surface
74
What is the distal attachment of the fibuarlis tertius?
dorsum of fifth metatarsal base
75
What are the actions of the fibularis tertius?
dorsiflexion eversion
76
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus?
Anteriomedial fibular surface and interosseous membrane.
77
What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus?
base of distal phalanx of hallux
78
What are the functions of the extensor hallucis longus?
extend hallux dorsiflex ankle
79
What nerve innvervates the anterior compartment?
deep fibular nerve
80
What does the deep fibular nerve supply?
anterior compartment muscles ankle joint and metacarpal phalangeal joints dorsal intrinsic foot muscles skin between first and second digits
81
What artery arises from the popliteal artery?
anterior tibial artery.
82
What does the lateral compartment of the leg contain?
Fibularis brevis Superificial fibular nerve Fibularis longus
83
Where does the filbuaris longus muscle extend from?
Fibular head to sole of foot
84
What is the proximal attachment of the fibularis longus muscle?
head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula
85
What is the distal attachment of the fibularis longus muscle?
first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone
86
What are the functions of the fibularis longus muscle?
eversion and plantar flexion
87
What is the fibularis brevis muscle deep to?
fibularis longus
88
What is the proximal attachment of the fibularis brevis muscle?
inferolateral 2/3 of tibia
89
What is the distal attachment of the fibularis brevis muscle?
dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of fifth metatarsal
90
What are the functions of the fibuarlis brevis muscle?
eversion plantar flexion
91
What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
anteroinferior leg entrie dorsal surface of the foot most of the dorsal aspect of the digits.
92
What is the most commonly injured lower extremity nerve?
common fibular nerve
93
What results from an injury to the common fibular nerve?
Paralysis of all anterior and lateral crural muscles.
94
Loss of dorsiflexion and eversion causes "foot drop". This is a result of injury to what nerve?
common fibular nerve
95
What is the largest branch of the posterior tibial artery?
fibular artery
96
Trauma to the crural fascia may cause what symptoms?
hemorrhage, edema and inflammation
97
Shin splints are a result of repetitive microtrauma towhat muscle?
tibialis anterior

A. White- Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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