B-Vitamins

Question 1

Thiamin

Answer 1

first to be identified

Co-enzyme TPP

Question 2

What are the functions of thiamin?

Answer 2

• metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids (TPP)

- normal function of nervous system

Question 3

What is the thiamin deficiency?

Answer 3

Beriberi

Question 4

Dry Beriberi

Answer 4

symptoms related to nervous system and muscular system

Question 5

Wet beriberi

Answer 5

nervous system and cardiovascular system affected

Question 6

Infantile beriberi

Answer 6

breast milk contains insufficient thiamin

heart problems, convulsions, death

Question 7

Sources of thiamin

Answer 7

sunflower seeds
total cereal
ham
grains

Question 8

Riboflavin

Answer 8

bright yellow pigment

exposure to light causes rapid breakdown

Question 9

What shouldn’t you package riboflavin in?

Answer 9

glass

Question 10

Functions of riboflavin

Answer 10

• 2 coenzymes (FMN, FAD)
• helps form other b-vits
• antioxidant

Question 11

Sources of riboflavin

Answer 11

beef liver
plain yogurt
cheerios

Question 12

Riboflavin deficiencies

Answer 12

ariboflavinosis
sore throat
scaly, oily skin
sensitive eyes, smooth, painful tongue

Question 13

Riboflavin toxicities

Answer 13

yellow color to urine

Question 14

Choline

Answer 14

• technically not vitamin

- found in cell membranes

Question 15

Functions of choline

Answer 15

• component of phospholipids
• precursor for acetylcholine
• helps export VLDL from liver

Question 16

Choline deficiency

Answer 16

muscle and liver damage

Question 17

Choline toxicity

Answer 17

only from supplementation

-fishy body odor, low blood pressure, vomiting, salivation, sweating, GI tract effects

Question 18

Sources of choline

Answer 18

eggs
cod
chicken
cottage cheese

Question 19

Niacin

Answer 19

• exists as nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

- both used to synthesize niacin coenzymes (NAD and NADP)

Question 20

Niacin functions

Answer 20

• coenzymes participate in REDOX

- required for metabolism of all macros

Question 21

Niacin deficiency

Answer 21

• pellagra

- symptoms include Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, death

Question 22

Niacin sources

Answer 22

chicken
product 19
wheat bran
tuna
halibut
salmon

Question 23

Biotin

Answer 23

-coenzymes for carboxylase enzymes

Question 24

Biotin functions

Answer 24

• metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins
• binds to proteins that help DNA fold in cell nucleus
• maintains gene stability

Question 25

Biotin deficiency

Answer 25

rare | can happen with too much consumption of raw eggs

Question 26

Biotin can be made by what?

Answer 26

intestinal bacteria

Question 27

Biotin sources

Answer 27

``` chicken liver chicken nuggets peanuts salmon wheat germ ```

Question 28

Folate

Answer 28

- refers to various forms found naturally in foods | - folic acid refers to synthetic form (more bioavailable)

Question 29

Folate functions

Answer 29

- tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) needed for DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism - formation of neurotransmitters - reduce colon cancer risks

Question 30

Folate deficiencies

Answer 30

macrocytic anemia increased homocysteine in blood neural tube defects

Question 31

Folate toxicities

Answer 31

- masks B-12 deficiency symptoms | - nervous system damage

Question 32

Folate sources

Answer 32

anything with a leaf | seeds and nuts

Question 33

B-12

Answer 33

large water-soluble contains cobalt

Question 34

B-12 attached to...

Answer 34

proteins | cleaved off by intrinsic factor

Question 35

B-12 functions

Answer 35

CNS function RBC formation Folate activation

Question 36

B-12 deficiency

Answer 36

rare pernicious anemia CVD

Question 37

B-12 toxicities

Answer 37

none

Question 38

B-12 sources

Answer 38

animal foods | fortified plant foods

Question 39

Pantothenic acid functions

Answer 39

- formation of acetyl-CoA - energy metabolism - forms acetyl-CoA carrier protein - cholesterol synthesis - steroid synthesis - drug detox

Question 40

Pantothenic acid sources

Answer 40

anything

Question 41

Iodine

Answer 41

- content depends on soil - more than half found in thyroid gland - essential in thyroxine

Question 42

Iodine sources

Answer 42

iodized salts

Question 43

Iodine deficiency

Answer 43

-could be caused by goitrogens, which limits bioavailability

Question 44

Pyridoxal Phosphate functions

Answer 44

- coenzyme in amino acid metabolism - transamination - neurotransmitter synthesis - heme synthesis - carb metabolism - hemocysteine levels

Question 45

B-6 deficiencies

Answer 45

-scaly dermatitis -microcytic anemia -nervous system problems depression confusion

Question 46

B-6 toxicity

Answer 46

- depression,fatigue, irritability, headaches - nerve damage - convulsions - skin lesions

Question 47

B-6 sources

Answer 47

pinto beans oatmeal banana pistachios