Chapter 7 - Protein

Question 1

How many amino acids does the human body make?

Answer 1

11/20

Question 2

What provides about 2/3’s of dietary protein?

Answer 2

meat
poultry
seafood
eggs
dairy products

Question 3

Why does most of the world rely on plant proteins from grains and vegetables?

Answer 3

as a country’s economy improves, the proportion of animal foods in the diet tends to increase

Question 4

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 4

• provide structure
• enzymes that speed up metabolic reactions
• transport proteins move substances in and out of cells
• antibodies help immune system
• contractile proteins help muscles move
• hormones
• regulation of fluid and acid-base balance

Question 5

Is protein a main energy source?

Answer 5

NOPE

Question 6

Why should we care where our protein is sourced?

Answer 6

source of protein determines what other nutrients are being consumed along with it

Question 7

What do animal products provide?

Answer 7

protein
B vitamins
minerals (iron, zinc, calcium)

Question 8

What do animal products lack?

Answer 8

fiber

high in fat

Question 9

What are plants a good source for?

Answer 9

protein
B vitamins
iron
zinc
fiber
phytochemicals
calcium

Question 10

What are amino acids?

Answer 10

building blocks of protein

Question 11

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 11

20

Question 12

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 12

amino acids that can’t be synthesized by the human body in sufficient amounts to meet needs

Question 13

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 13

9

Question 14

NH2 is what in an amino acid?

Answer 14

amino/functional group

Question 15

What is transamination?

Answer 15

move around amino group

transferring of an amino group from 1 amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid

Question 16

How are non-essential amino acids made?

Answer 16

transamination

Question 17

What contains all 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 17

animal proteins (except gelatin)

Question 18

What are complete/high quality proteins?

Answer 18

have all 20 amino acids

animal proteins

Question 19

What plant proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 19

quinoa

soy

Question 20

Plant proteins are considered to be what kind of proteins?

Answer 20

incomplete

low quality

Question 21

What are limiting proteins?

Answer 21

proteins that are missing

Question 22

What are complementary proteins?

Answer 22

proteins that fill in the gap of missing proteins

Question 23

What links amino acids together?

Answer 23

peptide bonds

Question 24

Peptide bonds are formed between what?

Answer 24

between the acid group of one amino acid and the nitrogen group of next amino acid

Question 25

What bonds are formed between two amino acids?

Answer 25

dipeptide bonds

Question 26

What bonds are formed between many amino acids?

Answer 26

polypeptides

Question 27

One or more polypeptide chains folded into a 3-D shape is what?

Answer 27

a protein

Question 28

How does denaturation occur?

Answer 28

change of shape, unraveling | caused by heat, pH etc

Question 29

Nutritionally, why would we want to denature proteins?

Answer 29

easier to digest if protein is denatured

Question 30

What is protein turnover?

Answer 30

body continuously synthesizes and breaks down protein

Question 31

What is the storage area for protein?

Answer 31

everywhere in the body, except fat

Question 32

To use amino acids as energy, what must occur?

Answer 32

deamination

Question 33

Ammonia is converted to what in what organ, and then is excreted by what organ?

Answer 33

urea by liver | excreted by kindeys

Question 34

After deamination, what can happen to amino acids?

Answer 34

can be stored as fat

Question 35

Amino acids (after deamination) can also be converted to what?

Answer 35

glucose via gluconeogenesis

Question 36

How is a food allergy triggered?

Answer 36

when a protein from the diet is absorbed without being completely denatured

Question 37

What food items make up 90% of food allergies?

Answer 37

``` milk wheat soy eggs nuts fish shellfish peanuts ```

Question 38

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 38

a rapid, severe allergic reaction that involves more than 1 part of the body

Question 39

It is recommended that you feed babies only breast milk or formula until what age?

Answer 39

6 months

Question 40

It is recommended that you delay introduction of cow's milk until what age?

Answer 40

1 year

Question 41

It is recommended that you don't serve egg whites to children after what age?

Answer 41

2 years

Question 42

It is recommended that you keep diets free of peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish until what age?

Answer 42

3 years

Question 43

What happens to many children with food allergies?

Answer 43

they outgrow them

Question 44

What can elevated protein intakes over long periods of time result in?

Answer 44

- hydration and kidney function issues - bone health issues - kidney stones - increased risk of heart disease and cancer from high animal based protein consumption

Question 45

What is PKU?

Answer 45

phenylketonuria | inherited condition attributed to a defective gene

Question 46

What is aspartame?

Answer 46

sugar substitute | contains phenylalanine

Question 47

What is MSG?

Answer 47

monosodium glutamate

Question 48

What does MSG consist of?

Answer 48

-glutamic acid (glutamate) bound to sodium

Question 49

What are the symptoms involved with MSG?

Answer 49

``` flushed face tingling burning sensations headache rapid heartbeat chest pain general weakness ```

Question 50

What is MSG symptom complex is commonly termed what?

Answer 50

chinese restaurant syndrome

Question 51

Adults require how many grams of protein per kg of body weight per day?

Answer 51

0.8

Question 52

What is the AMDR for protein?

Answer 52

10-35%

Question 53

Protein needs increase during what periods?

Answer 53

periods of growth pregnancy lactation

Question 54

What is PEM?

Answer 54

protein-energy malnutrition

Question 55

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 55

pure protein deficiency

Question 56

What is Marasmus?

Answer 56

energy and protein deficiency