B1

Question 1

what is a cell

Answer 1

the smallest unit of life that can live on it’s own

Question 2

what does the cell membrane do

Answer 2

controls everything that goes in and out of the cell

Question 3

what does the cell wall do

Answer 3

protects the cell and is important in maintaining the structure of the celll

Question 4

what is the plant cell wall made of

Answer 4

its made of cellulose

Question 5

what is the plant cell wall made of

Answer 5

its made of cellulose

Question 6

what does the vacuole do

Answer 6

maintains the rigid cell structure and contains cell sap

Question 7

what does the cytoplasm do

Answer 7

where most of the reactions take place

Question 8

what do the ribosomes do

Answer 8

its where protein synthesis takes place

Question 9

what do the chloroplasts do

Answer 9

contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 10

what do the mitochondria do

Answer 10

its where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 11

what does the nucleus do

Answer 11

it controls everything that happens in the cell/ contains DNA

Question 12

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

a cell where the DNA is inside of a nucleus. these cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells

Question 13

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

a cell where DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus. and example of this cell is a bacterial cell such as salmonella

Question 14

what is the bacterial cell wall made of

Answer 14

peptidoglycan

Question 15

what does the bacterial flagella do

Answer 15

allows the bacterial cell to move

Question 16

what are plasmids

Answer 16

loops of DNA found in a prokaryotic cell

Question 17

where is the DNA found in a bacterial cell

Answer 17

its a strand of DNA found in the cytoplasm

Question 18

how is a sperm cell adapted to its function

Answer 18

the head contains enzymes which break down the outer layer of the egg
has a tail which allows it to move
has lots of mitochondria just below the head which gives energy for the tail which allows it to move
has a large nucleus to carry the DNA genetic information7

Question 19

how is a nerve cell adapted to its function

Answer 19

are long to carry signals around the body
have electrical signals for a fast response
branched connections to connect to other neurones
have an insulating sheath to insulate the electrical signals

Question 20

how are muscles cells adapted to its function

Answer 20

contain large numbers of mitochondria to respire for movement
can contract and relax
have special proteins to allow cells to slide over each other

Question 21

how is a root hair cell adapted to its function

Answer 21

have a large vacuole to speed up osmosis cause the vacuole gives it a large surface area
have mitochondria for active transport

Question 22

how is a palisade cell adapted to its function

Answer 22

contains lots of chloroplasts for the highest mount of photosynthesis
have large vacuole to keep the cell sturdy also has a large surface area to absorb minerals and water

Question 22

how is a phloem cell adapted to its function

Answer 22

the cell wall breaks down to make plates which carry food and water up and down the plant
phloem cells have companion cells to support them

Question 23

how is a xylem cell adapted to its function

Answer 23

when they die they become part of the tubes used to carry water and minerals
lignin spirals keep the tubes sturdy

Question 24

what is differentiation

Answer 24

when a cell differentiates it specialises to a particular function

Question 25

what is diffusion

Answer 25

diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 26

what is osmosis

Answer 26

osmosis is the net movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 27

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 27

when there’s a higher conc of water outside a cell than inside

Question 28

what is a hypotonic solution

Answer 28

when there’s a higher concentration of water inside a cell than outside

Question 29

what is an isotonic solution

Answer 29

when there’s an equal conc of water inside and outside a cell

Question 30

what is active transport

Answer 30

its when molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area with high concentration. for this to happen energy is needed.

Question 31

why is active transport important in animals

Answer 31

its used in the small intestine where the epithelial cells uses active transport to take in glucose from foods. energy is also needed as glucose is a large molecule.

Question 32

why is active transport important in plants

Answer 32

its used in the roots by the root hair cells, to get all of the minerals, ions and water in the soil so the plant can grow and be healthy

Question 33

what is the zoom of a light microscope

Answer 33

2000

Question 34

how does a light microscope see

Answer 34

it uses rays of light to produce an image

Question 35

what is an electron microscope

Answer 35

it uses beams of electrons to produce an image.

Question 36

what is the magnification of an electron microscope

Answer 36

2000000

Question 37

equation for magnification

Answer 37

magnification = size of image divided by real size of image

Question 38

how do you convert mm to micrometres

Answer 38

x1000

Question 38

how do you convert mm to micrometres

Answer 38

x1000

Question 39

how do you convert mm to nanometres

Answer 39

x1000000