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biology > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human body

A

there are 23 pairs / 46 single chromosomes

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2
Q

what is a chromosome

A

coiled strands of DNA.

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3
Q

what is a gene

A

a part of the chromosome or a small section which controls a characteristic of the human body

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4
Q

why do cells divide

A

to replace old/damaged cells.
to heal the body
to make the organism grow

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5
Q

the stages of the cell cycle in order

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase

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6
Q

skip

A

skip

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7
Q

what is a diploid cell

A

a cell with 46 chromosomes

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8
Q

what is the prophase

A

its when the DNA condenses

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9
Q

What is the metaphase

A

when the chromosomes line up in the middle

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10
Q

What is the Anaphase

A

When the chromosomes are pulled apart to either side of the cell

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11
Q

What is the telephase

A

it’s when new nucleus form around the chromosomes.

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12
Q

skip

A

skip

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13
Q

what is a stem cell

A

an undifferentiated cell

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14
Q

what is a stem cell

A

an undifferentiated cell

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15
Q

what’s an adult stem cell

A

a stem cell found in adult tissue

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16
Q

what’s an embryonic stem cell

A

a stem cell found in embryos

17
Q

when do animal cells differentiate

A

in their early stages of life

18
Q

can an adult stem cell turn into any specialised cell

A

no as adult stem cell are limited to what they can differentiate to

19
Q

can a plant stem cell turn into any specialised cell

A

yes it can. plant cells can specialise at any cell .

20
Q

what are meristems

A

meristems are places in a plant where plant stem cells divide

21
Q

where are the meristems in a plant located

A

in the growing shoot and root tips

22
Q

can plant cells redifferentiate

A

yes they can. some plant cells have the ability to differentiate even though they have already differentiated once before in their life.

23
Q

what are stem cells in plants used for by humans

A

they can be used to make clones of endangered plant species or make identical clones of that plant.

24
Q

how can stem cells be used to treat patients

A

treatment with stem cells can be used to help people with diabetes or paralysis.

25
Q

what is therapeutic cloning

A

when an embryo is produced with the cloned cells from a human. the embryonic stem cells are then removed and are used to grow organ and tissues.

26
Q

what are the some of the controversies of using embryonic stem cells

A

-you’re playing god
-you’re killing an embryo. that’s murder

biology (17 decks)

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