B18

Question 1

what is biodiversity

Answer 1

the number of different species in an area

Question 2

why is biodiversity good

Answer 2

• ensures a stable ecosystem
• reduces the dependency of 1 species on another
• food and shelter

Question 3

what are some of the impacts humans have on earth

Answer 3

• global warming and climate change
• deforestation
• building buildings
• pollution

Question 4

what 3 things have lead to the human population growing

Answer 4

• no natural predators
• enough food
• curing diseases

Question 5

how do humans reduce land for other animals

Answer 5

• farming, building, quarrying, landfill

Question 6

what is pollution

Answer 6

• the addition of substances to the environment which may be harmful

Question 7

how can humans pollute the water

Answer 7

• sewage, fertilizer and chemicals going into the water

Question 8

how can humans pollute the land

Answer 8

from landfill and toxic chemical from things like pesticide

Question 9

how can humans pollute the air

Answer 9

from smoke and acidic gases

Question 10

what is bioaccumulation

Answer 10

when toxics build up in a food chain

Question 11

what is eutrophication

Answer 11

when water becomes too filled with algae which blocks the sunlight and may lead to oxygen depletion

Question 12

what are the steps leading to eutrophication

Answer 12

1- nutrients from fertilizers get washed into a lake
2- the nutrients cause aquatic plants to flourish like algae
3- the algae block the sunlight which means that plants at the bottom cant photosynthesise and so they die and so the oxygen in the water depletes
4- dead plants are broken down by decomposers using up even more oxygen
5- the ecosystem dies

Question 13

what are bioindicators

Answer 13

things which indicate how polluted water is

Question 14

what is combustion

Answer 14

the scientific word for burning

Question 15

what is a combustion reaction

Answer 15

when a substance reacts with oxygen from the air and transfers energy to the surroundings as heat and light

Question 15

what is a combustion reaction

Answer 15

when a substance reacts with oxygen from the air and transfers energy to the surroundings as heat and light

Question 16

how is acid rain formed

Answer 16

nitric acid and sulphuric acid are produced from factories when they burn fossil fuels and react with oxygen in the air to produce nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide then get blown from 1 place to another by the wind. they get dissolved in rain and snow in the clouds and then cause the rain to turn slightly acidic

Question 17

what is deforestation

Answer 17

when natural forests are burnt through burning or slashing methods

Question 18

what are some of the reasons for deforestation

Answer 18

• land for cattle
• land for farming crops
• land for biofuels

Question 19

what are some of the consequences to deforestation

Answer 19

• less photosynthesis to take place
• carbon dioxide trapped in the logs will be released so global warming
• biodiversity would be reduced

Question 20

what are peat bogs

Answer 20

areas of land where peat grow with acidic soil which is waterlogged (full of water)

Question 21

what is peat

Answer 21

a substance made from half rotted plants and moss are built up

Question 22

what happens in peat bogs

Answer 22

due to the water carbon dioxide is trapped in the peat

Question 23

what happens when peat is drained

Answer 23

water is removed so oxygen is allowed to flow into it so bacteria can start to decompose the half rotted plants that make up the peat so biodiversity is reduced

Question 24

what are 3 environmental factors which affect biodiversity in an area

Answer 24

- temperature - water availability - composition of the air

Question 25

what are 3 animalistic factors which affect biodiversity in an area

Answer 25

- migration - reduction in food or water - loss of habitats

Question 26

what are some ways people are trying to reduce the negative impacts we have

Answer 26

- breeding programmes for endangered species to grow - protection and regeneration of rare habitats - recycle and reduce - reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions

Question 27

what is biomass

Answer 27

the dry mass of an organism

Question 28

what is a trophic level

Answer 28

the position of an organism in a food web, chain or pyramid

Question 29

what are the key concepts of biomass

Answer 29

- nearly all creatures are made up of biomass first made by plants - biomass can be transferred through the food chain or web - its the dry mass of biological matter - fossil fuels are not considered biomass as they are the dead remains of organisms which have been chemically changed

Question 30

what are heterotrophs

Answer 30

organisms which do not produce their own energy

Question 31

what are chemotrophs

Answer 31

organisms which get their energy from inorganic substances

Question 32

why are biomass pyramids always pyramids??? (and its not cause they're drawn pyramid)

Answer 32

as it shows the transfer of the original biomass made by the plant

Question 33

what do biomass pyramids look like

Answer 33

like boxes stacked up onto each other starting with the biggest and ending with the smallest

Question 34

what are some key concepts with biomass transfers

Answer 34

- 1% of the incident light is used by plants to make biomass - 90% of the biomass transferred is lost each transfer between the trophic levels

Question 35

what is malnutrition

Answer 35

when a persons diet doesn't contain the right nutrients so they are either undernutrition or overnutrition.

Question 36

what is food security

Answer 36

having enough food to feed a population

Question 37

what are the 3 aspects of food security

Answer 37

1- production of the food 2- local consumption of the food 3- export of the food

Question 38

what are some of the biological factors affecting food security globally

Answer 38

1- high birth rate 2- new pests and pathogens affecting crops and cattle 3- cost of agriculture increasing 4- environmental changes 5- changing diets of populations 6- conflict resulting in the destruction of farm land and the availability of food

Question 39

what is food security

Answer 39

when people have access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their requirements for a healthy life which is gained in ways which is sustainable for the planet in the future

Question 40

why is food security important

Answer 40

allows the world's population to be fed

Question 41

what can we do to maintain food security

Answer 41

- Clearing land for agriculture - Application of fertilisers - Application of pesticides - Application of herbicides - Selective breeding - Genetic modification - Improved irrigation

Question 42

what is a GMO

Answer 42

it's a genetically modified organism which includes an additional helpful gene to the organism.

Question 43

what are some traits given to crops via genetic modification

Answer 43

- drought resistance - flood resistance - increased nutrients

Question 44

what is mycoprotein

Answer 44

a protein made by a fungi

Question 45

how is mycoprotein collected

Answer 45

It is made by the fungus Fusarium and grown in aerobic conditions on glucose syrup.

Question 46

what is the use of mycoprotein

Answer 46

its a protein-rich meat substitute to vegetarians

Question 47

give me an example of an gmo

Answer 47

golden rice