B4

Question 1

what are the main types of blood vessels

Answer 1

veins, arteries and capilaries

Question 2

what are the features of a red blood cell which helps it deliver oxygen to your cells

Answer 2

has lots of haemoglobin for oxygen to bind to, biconcave shape for a larger surface area, no nucleus for more haemoglobin to fit in the cell,

Question 3

what is the blood of a healthy person mostly made of (all the main components in blood)

Answer 3

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 4

what is the role of white blood cells

Answer 4

to fight of harmful organisms

Question 5

what is the role of plasma

Answer 5

transports undigested food and body waste

Question 6

what is the role of platelets

Answer 6

fragments of cells which help create blood clots

Question 7

what is the role of the artery

Answer 7

to carry blood away from the heart

Question 8

what is the role of the vein

Answer 8

to carry blood to the heart

Question 9

what is the pressure of the blood carried in the artery

Answer 9

its carried at high pressures so the blood moves fast

Question 10

what is the pressure of the blood carried by the vein

Answer 10

blood in the vein is carried in low pressure which makes the blood travel slowly

Question 11

what are the adaptations of the arteries which makes it suitable for carrying blood at high pressures

Answer 11

thick inner and outer walls of muscles with a narrow central tube

Question 12

what are the adaptations of the veins which makes them suitable for carrying blood at low pressures

Answer 12

they have thin outer and inner walls of muscles with a wide central tube

Question 13

why is blood in the arteries carried at high pressures but not in the veins

Answer 13

blood in the arteries are carried at high pressures because it’s needed to flow quickly to every parts of the body so that cells don’t die due to lack of oxygen. veins don’t need to carry blood at high pressures because… well you don’t need to know the reason.

Question 14

why do veins have valves

Answer 14

the role of the valve is to prevent backflow by opening and closing. when valves open the allow blood to enter and o towards the heart but then the close in case the blood starts to flow back the way it came from.

Question 15

how do valves in a vein work

Answer 15

when blood moves up the vein it pushes the valve causing it to open and so blood is allowed to move past it. however if blood does start to flow backwards it pushes the valve to close.

Question 16

how does blood move up the vein

Answer 16

there are muscles to the side of the veins which pushes the blood up the vein. think of it as a tube of toothpaste and a rolling pin. the pin pushes the toothpaste out of the tube.

Question 17

what is the role of the capillary

Answer 17

carries blood to and from the body’s cell to exchange substances between the blood and other bodily cells

Question 18

what are the adaptations of the capillaries which makes it suitable for the exchange of substances?

Answer 18

it’s 1 layer thick which makes it easy for substances to pass through the capillary and go towards the cell and it has a narrow central tube.

Question 19

how do the capillaries work

Answer 19

substances are exchanged by diffusion through the capillary wall.
useful substance diffuse across the capillary wall to the cells from the blood and waste substances diffuse from the cells to the blood. capillaries are narrow to slow down blood and lower the blood pressure.

Question 20

what is a double circulatory system

Answer 20

one system brings blood from the heart to the lungs and back whilst the other carries it from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 21

why is a double circulatory system important

Answer 21

as areas will receive oxygenated blood more quickly

Question 22

how does a platelet form clot

Answer 22

platelets release a special protein which ties up red blood cells and some other platelets to form a clot. that clot then hardens and dries up to prevent microorganisms from entering the body. think of it like spider creating webs to catch insects (the bacteria).

Question 23

what is the heart

Answer 23

it’s a muscular organ which pumps blood around the body.

Question 24

what is the job of the coronary artery and vein

Answer 24

coronary artery- takes blood from the heart to the heart muscles.
coronary vein- takes blood from the heart muscles back to the heart.

Question 25

what is the role of the pulmonary artery

Answer 25

takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 26

what is the role of the vena cava

Answer 26

takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 27

what is the role of the aorta

Answer 27

takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 28

what is the role of the pulmonary vein

Answer 28

takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 29

where is the pulmonary artery located

Answer 29

at the the very top of the heart on the right hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i'm saying 'right hand side' it'll be to YOUR left.

Question 30

where is the vena cava located

Answer 30

on the top-middle of the right hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i'm saying 'right hand side' it'll be to YOUR left.

Question 31

where is the aorta located

Answer 31

at the very to of the left hand side of the heart. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i'm saying 'left hand side' it'll be to YOUR right.

Question 32

where is the pulmonary vein located

Answer 32

on the top-middle of the left hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i'm saying 'left hand side' it'll be to YOUR right.

Question 33

what does it mean when someone says they have a hole in their heart

Answer 33

that means the wall separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (called the septum) has a hole in it and so that the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix.

Question 34

why dos the heart have valves

Answer 34

to prevent the blood from going back towards the atriums

Question 35

where are BOTH of the atriums located

Answer 35

the are at both sides, at the top of the heart. the blood always flows into the atrium first whether its from the pulmonary vein or the vena cava. the atriums are located above the ventricles

Question 36

what's a thrombosis

Answer 36

a blood clot which blocks the vessels coronary arteries

Question 37

what is a coronary heart disease

Answer 37

when cholesterol sticks to the sides of blood vessels which means that there's a blood clot and blocks the vessels

Question 38

how do you treat a coronary heart disease

Answer 38

bypasss surgery - when bits of vein are used to replace blocked coronary arteries statins - drugs which reduces blood cholesterol levels stents - a tiny metal mesh inserted in artery with a small balloon. the balloon is used to expand the metal mesh and artery at the same time. the artery is then kept in place by the metal mesh. the balloon is then removed.

Question 39

what is a leaky valve

Answer 39

when a heart valve starts to leak or become stiff and not fully open

Question 40

what is a pacemaker

Answer 40

a group of cells in the right atrium which controls the rate at which the heart beats

Question 41

what is an artificial pacemaker and what's it used for

Answer 41

its an electrical device which is implanted in your chest which send strong electrical impulses to your heart which tells it to beat