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biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main types of blood vessels

A

veins, arteries and capilaries

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2
Q

what are the features of a red blood cell which helps it deliver oxygen to your cells

A

has lots of haemoglobin for oxygen to bind to, biconcave shape for a larger surface area, no nucleus for more haemoglobin to fit in the cell,

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3
Q

what is the blood of a healthy person mostly made of (all the main components in blood)

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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4
Q

what is the role of white blood cells

A

to fight of harmful organisms

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5
Q

what is the role of plasma

A

transports undigested food and body waste

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6
Q

what is the role of platelets

A

fragments of cells which help create blood clots

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7
Q

what is the role of the artery

A

to carry blood away from the heart

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8
Q

what is the role of the vein

A

to carry blood to the heart

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9
Q

what is the pressure of the blood carried in the artery

A

its carried at high pressures so the blood moves fast

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10
Q

what is the pressure of the blood carried by the vein

A

blood in the vein is carried in low pressure which makes the blood travel slowly

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11
Q

what are the adaptations of the arteries which makes it suitable for carrying blood at high pressures

A

thick inner and outer walls of muscles with a narrow central tube

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12
Q

what are the adaptations of the veins which makes them suitable for carrying blood at low pressures

A

they have thin outer and inner walls of muscles with a wide central tube

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13
Q

why is blood in the arteries carried at high pressures but not in the veins

A

blood in the arteries are carried at high pressures because it’s needed to flow quickly to every parts of the body so that cells don’t die due to lack of oxygen. veins don’t need to carry blood at high pressures because… well you don’t need to know the reason.

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14
Q

why do veins have valves

A

the role of the valve is to prevent backflow by opening and closing. when valves open the allow blood to enter and o towards the heart but then the close in case the blood starts to flow back the way it came from.

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15
Q

how do valves in a vein work

A

when blood moves up the vein it pushes the valve causing it to open and so blood is allowed to move past it. however if blood does start to flow backwards it pushes the valve to close.

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16
Q

how does blood move up the vein

A

there are muscles to the side of the veins which pushes the blood up the vein. think of it as a tube of toothpaste and a rolling pin. the pin pushes the toothpaste out of the tube.

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17
Q

what is the role of the capillary

A

carries blood to and from the body’s cell to exchange substances between the blood and other bodily cells

18
Q

what are the adaptations of the capillaries which makes it suitable for the exchange of substances?

A

it’s 1 layer thick which makes it easy for substances to pass through the capillary and go towards the cell and it has a narrow central tube.

19
Q

how do the capillaries work

A

substances are exchanged by diffusion through the capillary wall.
useful substance diffuse across the capillary wall to the cells from the blood and waste substances diffuse from the cells to the blood. capillaries are narrow to slow down blood and lower the blood pressure.

20
Q

what is a double circulatory system

A

one system brings blood from the heart to the lungs and back whilst the other carries it from the heart to the rest of the body.

21
Q

why is a double circulatory system important

A

as areas will receive oxygenated blood more quickly

22
Q

how does a platelet form clot

A

platelets release a special protein which ties up red blood cells and some other platelets to form a clot. that clot then hardens and dries up to prevent microorganisms from entering the body. think of it like spider creating webs to catch insects (the bacteria).

23
Q

what is the heart

A

it’s a muscular organ which pumps blood around the body.

24
Q

what is the job of the coronary artery and vein

A

coronary artery- takes blood from the heart to the heart muscles.
coronary vein- takes blood from the heart muscles back to the heart.

25
Q

what is the role of the pulmonary artery

A

takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

26
Q

what is the role of the vena cava

A

takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

27
Q

what is the role of the aorta

A

takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

28
Q

what is the role of the pulmonary vein

A

takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

29
Q

where is the pulmonary artery located

A

at the the very top of the heart on the right hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i’m saying ‘right hand side’ it’ll be to YOUR left.

30
Q

where is the vena cava located

A

on the top-middle of the right hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i’m saying ‘right hand side’ it’ll be to YOUR left.

31
Q

where is the aorta located

A

at the very to of the left hand side of the heart. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i’m saying ‘left hand side’ it’ll be to YOUR right.

32
Q

where is the pulmonary vein located

A

on the top-middle of the left hand side. remember in a heart diagram right is left and left is right so when i’m saying ‘left hand side’ it’ll be to YOUR right.

33
Q

what does it mean when someone says they have a hole in their heart

A

that means the wall separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (called the septum) has a hole in it and so that the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix.

34
Q

why dos the heart have valves

A

to prevent the blood from going back towards the atriums

35
Q

where are BOTH of the atriums located

A

the are at both sides, at the top of the heart. the blood always flows into the atrium first whether its from the pulmonary vein or the vena cava. the atriums are located above the ventricles

36
Q

what’s a thrombosis

A

a blood clot which blocks the vessels coronary arteries

37
Q

what is a coronary heart disease

A

when cholesterol sticks to the sides of blood vessels which means that there’s a blood clot and blocks the vessels

38
Q

how do you treat a coronary heart disease

A

bypasss surgery - when bits of vein are used to replace blocked coronary arteries
statins - drugs which reduces blood cholesterol levels
stents - a tiny metal mesh inserted in artery with a small balloon. the balloon is used to expand the metal mesh and artery at the same time. the artery is then kept in place by the metal mesh. the balloon is then removed.

39
Q

what is a leaky valve

A

when a heart valve starts to leak or become stiff and not fully open

40
Q

what is a pacemaker

A

a group of cells in the right atrium which controls the rate at which the heart beats

41
Q

what is an artificial pacemaker and what’s it used for

A

its an electrical device which is implanted in your chest which send strong electrical impulses to your heart which tells it to beat

biology (17 decks)

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