b1.1 diet and exercise Flashcards
(13 cards)
Why do organisms need food?
To provide energy for cellular processes and supply nutrients for growth and repair.
What are the three main macronutrients and their functions?
Carbohydrates: provide energy.
Proteins: build and repair tissues.
Fats: store energy and provide insulation.
What role does dietary fiber play?
Helps digestion by adding bulk to food and preventing constipation.
What are micronutrients? Give examples and their importance.
Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts. Examples:
Vitamin C: prevents scurvy.
Iron: essential for making hemoglobin.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet containing the right proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.
What happens if energy intake exceeds energy expenditure?
Excess energy is stored as fat, leading to weight gain and possibly obesity.
What health risks are associated with obesity?
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and joint problems.
Define malnutrition and list two causes.
Poor health due to an unbalanced diet, caused by lack of nutrients or insufficient calories.
How does regular exercise benefit the body?
It strengthens the heart and muscles, improves circulation, increases energy use, and helps maintain a healthy weight.
What is energy balance and why is it important?
The balance between energy consumed and energy used. Maintaining it helps prevent weight gain or loss.
What is a lifestyle disease? Give two examples related to diet and exercise.
A disease caused by lifestyle choices. Examples: type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
What is scurvy and how is it caused?
A disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, leading to bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
Why does obesity increase blood pressure?
Fat deposits increase resistance in blood vessels, making the heart work harder.
